His Name is Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

His Name is Christ - Essay Example This author stresses that Christ Jesus speaks on a higher level, we may say, about His life, His death, His purpose for coming to earth. Prefixing Jesus with Christ is more than naming him it's telling us who He is, better still, what He encompasses, His whole being - the Messiah. He  had seen the reference to Paul's writings in Romans and read the passage. "Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ became, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen." He read the passage three times before he saw it. Paul refers to Christ as Christ repeatedly throughout his writings. Christ the name, not Christ the entity for lack of a better phrase. In this one passage Paul is speaking not of the man Christ. He clearly states that he is not speaking of the earthly body when he makes reference to the flesh. Rather, Paul is speaking when he uses the word Christ in this instance to speak of the sovereignty of Christ and the special unbreakable bond expressed in the lineage of Isaac - the seed. He is to that seed the anointed one. He is the one through whom all the children of the seed must go to bridge to the Father. Paul, in his understated eloquence of words which often sound very simple, holds so much that in one verse he conveyed such truth. The reporter outlines that   Paul never knew Christ the man, having already been crucified and ascended before Paul was called. Paul, however, at this moment chose to use Christ here to show the sovereignty of Christ. Paul himself was called not because he was Jew, not because of the promise, but he was called to bring the seed of the promise to Him. This passage demanded that he speak of Christ as the anointed. If he may make a personal aside, he has noted since beginning this essay, Paul, throughout his writings, refers to Christ as Christ in many instances. I see the closeness of Paul to Christ and such a deep understanding of Him expressed in all of Paul's writings. It is difficult to remember at times that they never walked together, at least on the earthly plane, in the flesh. Yet, Paul has, in my opinion, a much deeper understanding and closeness to Christ than, perhaps, those with whom Jesus had actually, in physical form, walked. The second point on which I would like to comment is found on page 81 where reference is made to how John defines the uniqueness of Christ's relationship with God. "Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for he is not yet ascended to my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God." The Second Article states that it is this passage which shows the uniqueness of Christ's relationship with God and "clearly distances the kind of relationship Jesus had with the Father from that of other humans." Undisputable is the fact that, indeed, Christ had a unique relationship with the Father. He is the Father. However, that debate is for another time. That being said, the passage in John which was quoted as evidence of Jesus distancing His relationship with God from that of His believers is not accurate. Looking at the passage in context, Christ appeared before Mary after He was raised from the dead, but not yet ascended.

History of Western Civilization Essay Example for Free

History of Western Civilization Essay Civilizations of societies started long before the times Jesus in the Middle East especially in the ancient Greek and Roman Empires. In the 18th century most European countries followed the suit and underwent changes from pre- industrialized to industrialized nations characterized by social and economic changes. There were a lot of technological innovations which led to increased energy production and thus large scale production of most products with ease. Industrialization has over the years been linked to some factors which enhance fast changes for instance cheap skilled labor, political stability, presence of raw materials and available markets of the products produced. Industrial revolution was experienced in England to the northwest and the midlands. People used to make their own furniture, clothes and equipments until industrialization took over whereby they could buy goods already made from the industries. History of Western Civilization England underwent several civilizations in which there was increased agricultural output (Agrarian revolution) which led to increased population density and eventually led to the industrial revolution. New techniques were initiated and allowed farmers to produce more yield than there before. As time passed machines and other equipments were produced by skilled personnel who sold them to those who were specialized in agriculture. The business to make machines and other related equipments boomed and led formation of a class of people who worked in the industries as they expanded. These machines were very advantageous because they substituted the human job since it did not involve a lot of work and therefore people did not get tired fast. Those who worked in the industries earned more than those who were specialized on agriculture. Most of these industries were located in the urban centers and they would obtain their raw materials from the farmers in the country side. Industrialization in England led to numerous increases in population leading to less arable land and therefore some of the people migrated to other countries where they introduced the new techniques for agriculture and industry (Landes, 1969). However, most of the skilled personnel were not allowed to immigrate to the England’s new colonies so that England would remain superior in technological advances. Industrialization in England was characterized by many factors which made this country to be first to be industrialized. Agrarian, commercial and cottage revolutions greatly enhanced the fast social and economic changes in this country leading to a lot of extra money which facilitated the improvement of infrastructure. The industries spread all over England and Europe and since the number of workers were reducing as a result of immigration to England colonies, they resulted in taking people from the countries that were still not in the process of social and economic change especially in Africa and made them to work in their farms and industries as slaves. As more and more industries were built the private sector was also changing as money for expansion and setting up of more industries was needed. This led to the emergence of banks and other financial institutions which financed all these industrialization activities. These institutions gave loans to people to expand and introduce more industries and then repay later with the profits obtained. At around this time of industrialization most people used wood as a source of energy for the industries. The number of industries increased enormously and therefore the number of trees reduced drastically and made the people to think of alternative source of energy. They came up with coal which was used in the industries as an alternative and could be even used in homes. The coal mines were usually flooded with water at times and a method of pumping water out of the mines was innovated but the coal would not generate power. This method was not embraced and therefore coal was not a lasting solution and more innovations needed to be initiated for instance in the textile industry. Textile industry in England was the first industry to be mechanized and utilized wool which obtained from large scale sheep farms in the country. Weaving was usually done in cottages by skilled people after which the yarn was taken to the industries where it would be made in to clothes. England by then conquered many colonies where they would grow cotton in addition to importing cotton and used to substitute the wool. At around 1773 John Kay introduced a machine he named the flying shuttle which made it possible for a person to easily weave. In the textile industry machines that utilized water for energy were introduced. This machinery could reduce the cost of production and at the same time increase the rate of production. These measures were taken when the cost of production started to sky rocket reducing the profits of the merchants and the merchants did not want to raise the goods prices in a quest to maintain their customers. Transportation in England was favored by the fact that it had many rivers and natural harbors which greatly reduced transportation costs because rivers covered most areas and therefore goods could be transported to most parts of the country. Canals were also built on rivers which were not naturally navigable and also facilitated easy transportation of raw materials from farms in England and from distant colonies and transportation of finished products from the industries to the consumers. Tram ways which were pulled by horses were also used especially when transporting goods inland until when trains were made and used instead because they relatively faster. Due to the limitation of the road transport some people decided to borrow loans from the financial institutions ton repair them and then use toll fees to repay the loans. This would also ensure easy transportation of goods in areas where the rivers and coastline was far away. Improvement of roads led to introduction of stage coaches which would transport even people from one area to another. Transport was boosted with the introduction and improvement of railway. The first type of railway was wooden and did not last long until when iron plates were put on top of the wood and the railway became more durable. Another factor that facilitated faster industrialization of England is its isolation from the European mainland. This helped this country to evade the wars that were occurring at this time for instance the Napoleon war. They concentrated more on development and industrialization of their country till the wars were over. After the war the British took advantage of selling their products to the other European countries and the Americas at relatively cheap prices thereby making a lot of profits. The private sector with the government support also helped a lot by offering loans to people for expansion and initiation of new industries and for the repair of roads which enhanced faster movement of goods between places. Conclusion Civilization of England in many ways has influenced the modern world with only improvement of the machineries that were made during the period of industrialization. The support from the government and relative stability of the country made it to develop even faster without any worries of attacks during the war of Napoleon in the mainland. Advancements in technology led to improvement and construction of new transport systems and infrastructure which also facilitated movement of raw materials and finished products to the several destinations within England and other countries. Civilization in England led to migration of people to the urban centers where they would be able to obtain jobs in the urban centers. This situation is the same even in the modern days where especially young people move to the towns and cities in search of better jobs in the industries. References Jackson, S. Western Civilization: A Brief History. 4th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2007. Jacob, F. The Development of Western Civilization : A study in Ethical, Economic and Political Kenneth, P. Steven, T. The world that trade created: society, culture, and the world economy, 1400- the present. 2nd Edition. M. E Sharpe, 1999. Richard, B. Society and Economy in Modern Britain 1700-1850. Routledge, 1991. Evolution. The University of Chicago Press, 1906. Roy, P. David, L. The Cambridge History of Science: Eighteenth-century science. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Franklin Roosevelt :: essays research papers

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York on January 30th, 1882, the son of James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. His parents and private tutors provided all of Franklinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s formative education. Roosevelt attended Groton, a prestigious preparatory school in Massachusetts between the years 1896-1900; he received a BA degree in history from Harvard University in only three years (1900-1903). Franklin next studied law at New Yorkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Columbia University. When he passed the bar examination in 1907 he left the school without taking a degree. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t until 1910 that he entered politics and was elected to the New York State Senate as a Democrat. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“He became the leader of a group of insurgent Democrats who prevented the Tammany candidate, William F. Sheehan, from being chosen for the U.S. Senate.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Goldberg) Roosevelt allied himself with Woodrow Wilson in election of 1912. Because of his efforts Woodrow Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, he held that position from 1913 to 1920. In 1920 he ran as a vice presidential nominee with James M. Cox who lost overwhelmingly to Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. The summer after while vacationing at Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Roosevelt contracted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(Watts) He never regained the use of his legs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“He established a foundation at Warm Springs, Georgia to help other polio victims, and inspired, as well as directed, the March of Dimes program that eventually funded an effective vaccine.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Goldberg) In July 1932, Roosevelt was chosen by the Democratic Party as its presidential candidate to run against the Republican incumbent, Herbert C. Hoover. In November, Roosevelt was overwhelmingly elected President. He entered the White House at the worst of times, the economic structure of the country severely damaged. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fear and despair hung over the nation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rooseveltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s inaugural speech had words of hope for the troubled country---à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?---à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“This Nation asks for action, and action now. We must act and act quickly.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? And act quickly he did in what became known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hundred Days.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? He and his administration rushed a series of anti-depression measures through congress; all of these changes to the American economy became called the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“New Deal.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Some of the m ajor changes included Government agencies, most notably the Agricultural Administration and the Public Works Administration were setup to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“reorganize industry and agriculture under controls and to revive the economy by a vast expenditure of public funds.

Poetry Analysis of “Introduction to Poetry” Essay

The Poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† is by Billy Collins, an English poet, and it is about how teachers often force students to over-analyze poetry and to try decipher every possible meaning portrayed throughout the poem rather than allowing the students to form their own interpretation of the poem based on their own experiences. Throughout the poem, a number of literary devices are used. For example: â€Å"or press an ear against its hive†. Using this metaphor, Billy Collins is comparing the body of a poem to the hive of a bee. The hive of a bee appears to be something dangerous and unknown, just like a new poem, never before seen, with which one is unfamiliar. Using this metaphor, Billy Collins is suggesting that one should get an energy of the poem by reading it just as one would get a sense of energy by pressing one’s ear to a hive of a bee. The nature of a bee is particularly busy and bees are creatures that seem to be constantly on the go. In this way, Billy Collins is suggesting that whilst the reader is digesting the poem, he or she should constantly be ‘feeling’ the poem and be busily analyzing it. By comparing the poem to a hive, he is also saying that, like a hive, a poem is full of intense life. The characteristics shared by both the two metaphoric images are very similar, thus, it is an effective comparison. The poem is effectively personified once again through the lines: â€Å"or walk inside a poem’s room†. Here, Billy Collins suggests that the poem’s room, in other word, its body or what the poem contains, like a room of a person, defines the poem. One can learn a lot about another by viewing his or her room. Like a room too, which is private and should not be invaded, one should not invade a poem in the sense that one should not analyze it too heavily. Another effective metaphor, â€Å"I want them to water-ski across the surface of the poem† is used in this poem. Billy Collins is comparing water-skiing across the surface of the water to the way in which he believes poems should be read which is gently and merely on the surface. This is an effective metaphor as water-skiing brings about a great sense of joy and is fun, just as reading a poem – in Billy Collins’ opinion – should be. The use of onomatopoeic devices and onomatopoeic words are abundant in this poem. For instance, â€Å"I say drop a mouse into a poem† is a line whereby the word â€Å"drop†, a very onomatopoeic word, effectively suggests that the reader of a poem must gently analyze a poem. This is portrayed through the gentle ‘p’ sound of the word and this is therefore effective as the reader gets a sense of the gentleness Billy Collins wishes his readers had when it comes to analyzing poetry. The fact that enjambment is used throughout the poem such as in the lines, â€Å"like a colour slide or press an ear against its hive† portrays a lack of structure and therefore emphasizes the initial enjoyment one feels when reading a poem before the chore of analyzing it begins. This is also emphasized through the fact that the poem is a free verse poem. The poem suddenly becomes much darker in the last stanza and a Billy Collins explains how teachers, students or general readers of poetry ‘torture’ a poem by being what he believes is cruelly analytical. He says, â€Å"all they want to do is tie the poem to a chair with rope and torture a confession out of it†. Here, the poem is being personified yet again and this brings about an almost human connection between the reader and the poem. This use of personification is effective as it makes the reader feel somewhat guilty for over-analyzing a poem. This line is also a metaphor. The way in which one analyzes a poem is being compared to a victim being tied down to a chair and having a confession tortured out of them. This metaphor is effective as, like a rope pinning down a person would be very restrictive, over-analyzing a poem narrows the focus and constricts it from simply allowing it to be. â€Å"They begin beating it with a hose to find out what it really means†. This is a continuation of the metaphor and is highly effective as it strongly portrays a sense of inhumanity through the choice of ‘hose’ as an object with which to torture as opposed to a typical weapon. One can just imagine how painful this would be and again, forces the reader to almost empathize with the poem. The poem sends a powerful message to its readers and is significantly clear in its message to not delve too deep into the message of a poem.

Assessment Unit 002 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning

6302 Level 3 Award in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Unit 002 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning Name: Date: Word Count: 1. 1 Summarise learning and teaching strategies used in own specialism As a First Aid Instructor, I deliver a variety of courses lasting between one to three days in duration. I try and vary my teaching styles depending on the subject and also on the learning styles of the students. Achieving the correct balance is quite a challenge. I address all these different learning styles I use a range of teaching methods.At the start of a training session I use an ice-breaker to let the students introduce themselves and it also gives me a chance to guage the depth of their knowledge. I then give my aim of the session and explain my objectives. Within the session itself I will use power point, incorporating photos and videos. I will then do a practical presentation, initially with no explanation then I will repeat the demon stration with explanation. Finally I will ask the student to demonstrate the skill, providing the commentary. The teaching technique is known as EDIP, explanation, demonstration, imitation, practise.I like to have a flip chart and will use it to expand on any subject should I be required to. They way in which we learn is partly dependent on the type of learning that is involved. There are three types of domains of learning. They are Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor. Cognitive learners require the ‘thought process’ style i. e. knowing the ‘how’ and ‘why’. These candidates will love learning facts, figures, the understanding processes and problem solving. For example, what makes the heart beat, the different rhythms of the heart and what happens if the heart has an irregular beat†¦.A student with Affective learning involves the use and demonstration of emotions, feelings or attitudes towards other people. These candidates will be the typ e of people who understands the need for patient consent or the need for early defibrillation. A student with Psychomotor type of learning will have the manual and physical skills and will like to have a hands-on approach. They will enjoy the chance to practise CPR on a manikin and relish the thought of tying someone up in bandages. These three styles of learning were brought about by a man called Benjamin S Bloom (1913-1999).Bloom's (and his colleagues') initial attention was focused on the ‘Cognitive Domain', which was the first published part of Bloom's Taxonomy, featured in the publication: ‘Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives: Handbook 1, The Cognitive Domain' (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, Krathwohl, 1956). The ‘Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook II, The Affective Domain' (Bloom, Masia, Krathwohl) as the title implies, deals with the detail of the second domain, the ‘Affective Domain', and was published in 1964.Various people suggested detail for the third ‘Psychomotor Domain', which explains why this domain detail varies in different representations of the complete Bloom Taxonomy. The three most popularly referenced versions of the Psychomotor Domain seem to be those of RH Dave (1967/70), EJ Simpson (1966/72), and AJ Harrow (1972). From these domains we have four types of learners – active, reflective, theorists and experimental. Active learners like to learn something by doing it immediately. They can get impatient and often won’t bother to read the instructions or manual, they like to find out for themselves.Reflective learners are those who prefer to ‘wait and see’. They sit back, watch others, and think about it before acting. They like to take their time. Theorists like to know what things really mean or how does it fit with something. They are logical and objective. They will always think things through and can be perfectionists. Experimental learners like to experiment. They are i nspired by training courses and want to test out their new found skills. They try and find more effective ways of doing things. They may take short cuts or devise their own methods of working. They like problem solving and pick things up quickly.They can get frustrated if not able to try something for themselves quickly. To address all these different learning styles I use a range of teaching methods. At the start of a training session I use an ice-breaker to let the students introduce themselves and it also gives me a chance to guage the depth of their knowledge. I then give my aim of the session and explain my objectives. Within the session itself I will use power point, incorporating photos and videos. I will then do a practical presentation, initially with no explanation then I will repeat the demonstration with explanation.Finally I will ask the student to demonstrate the skill, providing the commentary. The teaching technique is known as EDIP, explanation, demonstration, imita tion, practise. I like to have a flip chart and will use it to expand on any subject should I be required to. 1. 2 Explain how approaches to learning and teaching in own specialism meet the needs of learners They way in which we learn is partly dependent on the type of learning that is involved. There are three types of domains of learning. They are Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor. For detailed explanation please refer to question 1. To ensure that I have met the needs of the learner I continually observe and assess the students. I will have questions and answer sessions at regular intervals and also like to use quizzes to include a fun element. These may be done on an individual or team basis. It will promote a sense of competition and hopefully motivate the student to learn. In a team situation it is excellent for team building and also encourages the group to share ideas and listen to each other. The practical sessions will particularly appeal to the Activist learners as the y like to get involved and hands on.It will allow the student to practise their skills in a controlled environment. I ask students if they are willing to share any experiences, maybe first aid situations where they have been actively involved. This gives the students a chance to share real life stories and explain how the theory compares with real life scenarios. This would appeal to the Theorist learners. 1. 3 Describe aspects of inclusive learning If several teaching techniques are incorporated then the needs of the majority of students will be catered for. If a student has a particular disability then special provisions may need to be made for them.Should a student be dyslexic then several adjustments can be made to accommodate their learning needs. Any printed text would be printed on pastel shades of yellow paper and larger font could be used. It would be beneficial to sit the student in as much natural light as possible as fluorescent lighting can prove difficult for them. I w ould use more pictures than text to enhance their learning experience,. A partially sighted student could be given a seat that affords the best view of the trainer and training aids. If necessary consider the possibility of video recording devices.Learners with hearing disabilities – l would make sure they are seated as near to the front as possible. I would also include as many visual aids as possible to assist their learning. I would also give handouts of all topics covered to ensure nothing had been missed. If a learner had a physical disability I would need to consider access and also make room for a wheelchair in the classroom. I would need to be prepared to take any training aids that the student required directly to them. 2. 1 Explain how to select inclusive learning and teaching techniquesDyslexia – Lots of visual pictures and discussion. Lots of practical sessions to learn the different techniques,. Partially sighted learner – Lots of oral instruction a nd discussions. Question and answers sessions as opposed to written work. Physical disability – Train them the theory and techniques of first aid so that they are able to instruct someone else what to do in the case of a medical emergency. Hearing disabilities – More visual aids and practical demonstrations. Handouts to reinforce knowledge. 2. 2 Explain how to select resources that meet the needs of learnersIt is my responsibility to select the range of equipment that is required on the course. Depending on the needs of the students I will select the resources required to get the desired learning levels. For example, in the case of a dyslexic learner I may need pastel coloured paper for handouts. My power point presentation may need to be adjusted to include more pictures and videos. 2. 3 Explain how to create assessment opportunities that meet the needs of learners There are two ways to gain assessments and make sure learning has occurred.These are Formative and Summa tive assessments. I would gain an Initial Assessment at the start of the course to assess the level of knowledge and understanding of the student. This could be done by asking the student to introduce themselves, including these details. Formative Assessment is part of the instructional process. If the knowledge base isn’t at the required level for that stage of the course then I would have to go back over the session to reinforce the learning. Maybe it would require a change of teaching skills to accommodate the learning style of the student.It is important to carry out a formative assessment at an early stage and to repeat it during the middle of the session to ensure than any adjustments to the teaching can take place effectively. Summative Assessment is used at the end of a session in order to confirm that the desired levels of learning have been reached. I would summarise the learning points then assess the levels of knowledge using a variety of methods. The results of t his final assessment must be given and doubts cleared immediately to motivate the student to progress further.In order to make these assessments I have a range of methods that I can use. I may use question and answer sessions, these are particularly useful to dyslexic learners. I may decide to hand out work sheets to be completed or ask the learners to participate in a quiz. During the period of instruction I would be making observational assessments. Any official assessment would need to be recorded. 2. 4 Explain how to provide opportunities for learners to practice their literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills Literacy – there are many ways in which a learner can practice their literacy skills.At the start of a course there are documents which need to be completed, for example, personal details and qualifications held. During the course work sheets may need to be filled in and the learners can also practice filling in accident report forms. Numeracy – In the CPR practical sessions, learner will have the opportunity to count up to 30 whilst performing compressions on the manikin. These must be done at a ratio of 30:2 with rescue breaths. Language – The learners will have plenty of opportunity to practise their language skills. This may be through group discussion, role play or asking questions.First aiders need good communication skills when dealing with patients as they can be very distressed and frightened. ICT – learners will have the opportunity to practice their ICT skills by using an Automated External Defibrillator and looking at an epi-pen. To embed the skill the learner will be given plenty of opportunities during the course to practice. It will be my responsibility to ensure that the learner can confidently perform the tasks that are asked of them. 3. 1 Explain ways to engage and motivate learners in an inclusive learning environmentIt is important to know the motive for the learner’s attendance on the course. They might be attending because they have to or they might be really interested in first Aid and want to develop their knowledge base. Whatever their reason it is wise to point out the advantages of attending the course and how it can help them, their friends and other members of their family should an emergency situation arise. Ice breakers are useful tools to initially engage the learners and to put them at ease. It can also help them feel more part of the group. I could also use ‘David Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory’ (ELT) see diagram at back.Kolb's model therefore works on two levels – a four-stage cycle: 1. Concrete Experience – (CE) – Having an experience 2. Reflective Observation – (RO) – Reviewing the experience 3. Abstract Conceptualization – (AC) – Conclusion from the experience 4. Active Experimentation – (AE) – Planning what is next from the experience The learners could be told that at the end of the session there will be a quiz and the winner will receive whatever is on the instructors desk†¦I make sure that there is a box of chocolates there as these are definite motivators.If there are dyslexic learners present I would may make the quiz a photo quiz . I could also ask the learners to work in small groups so that they coud help each other out. If a learner with ADHD was present I would give regular encouragement and keep them informed how long a session was going to last. If necessary I would suggest that they stand and maybe walk around the classroom rather than staying in a static position if there are no practical demonstrations involved. 3. 2 Summarise ways to establish ground rules with learners to promote respect for othersI would promote respect for others by giving the responsibility of setting ground rules to the learners. It could be an initial ice breaker activity, maybe putting them in small groups to come up with ideas. They could then come together as a group and vote on which rules should be included. These should make everyone feel part of the decision making process and it also gives them ownership of the ground rules. When the ground rules have been agreed upon and written out I would display it in the classroom in a prominent position.If a learner was to break the rules more than a couple of times then I would draw their attention to the displayed list. If a learner was to persist in breaking the ground rules then I would have to take them aside and speak to them. If it was becoming a distraction to the other learners and affecting the learning within the classroom then I would take a firm stance and warn the learner that they may have to remove themselves from the course. 3. 3 Explain ways to give constructive feedback that motivates learners Feedback is an important part of the course.It doesn’t have to be formal, it could just be a smile or a nod. It can also be given as written feedback. Feedback shoul d always follow the following format – †¢ Positive – praise the candidate †¢ Negative/improvement – pick up on the key areas only †¢ Positive – always leave the candidate on a high note and a good feeling of achievement. The learner could be asked how they felt that the last piece of work went. In which areas did they perform well and which areas could be improved on. This is called self-assessment.Invariably students are their worst critics and are very hard on themselves. However, it does allow the student to have their own input and feel part of the process. Identify the areas that went well for them but do not go into too much detail. The add constructive feedback on areas that can be improved. Make suggestions on how they can develop their skills in these areas. Finally, point out something positive, an area that worked really well for the learner. This will give them a sense of achievement and motivate them to progress further.If the learner suffered from dyslexia then any written feedback would be printed on pastel coloured paper, in the colour that was suitable for the learners needs. It would be reinforced with verbal feedback which would cover all the points raised in the written feedback. References RH Dave (1967/70) EJ Simpson (1966/72) AJ Harrow (1972). ‘Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives: Handbook 1, The Cognitive Domain' (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, Krathwohl, 1956). David Kolb – 1984 – ‘Experiential Learning: Experience as The Source of Learning and Development'

Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Essays

Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Essays Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Paper Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Paper Is Religion Man Made? When you think of religion what do you think of? Are you a religious person? Do you not care much for religion? Have you ever thought of religion as an idea that the elites make up to suppress the people with horrible lives from revolting and do their job? This is what William Blake, author of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in the Songs of Innocence, thinks of religion. This story shows how the symbolic order uses this idea of religion to keep the sweepers obedient. In the story, the chimney sweepers work tirelessly and they are extremely poor. They are the scum of society and are rejected by all kinds of people. The symbolic order gives them the idea that if they are obedient and do not speak out against what society has put them through, then they will go to heaven and have a much better life than the life they have now. In the story one of the chimney sweepers has a dream that an angel comes to him and tells him that if he is obedient then he will be in heaven and meet God. â€Å"And the angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy; Hed have God for his father, and never want joy† (Blake). The angel represents the Symbolic Order telling the children to stay obedient so that they can go to heaven. Society, especially the authority figures, tells the children these things so that they just do their jobs without any troubles. The fact that this is a dream implies that this isn’t real and that the elites in society just make up religion to quite the masses. The chimney sweepers use the ideas given to them by the Symbolic Order and use them to repress the fact that they have horrible lives. Instead of trying to get out of the situation they are in they just be obedient and do nothing more; this way they can meet God in heaven. â€Å"And so Tom awoke†¦Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm† (Blake). Even though Tom is just dreaming about going to heaven, he believes that he will if he is obedient. Instead of being miserable like normal, he is happy and warm because he has something to look forward to in the after-life. His ignorance towards the fact that it was just a dream gives him bliss even though his life is awful. The chimney sweepers have a fear of death because they are so willing to accept the idea of going to heaven after they die as long as they are obedient. They are afraid of dying considering the fact that they’re lives are terrible and they don’t want to die with such a bad life. If they have something to look forward to after they die, then they won’t be so afraid of dying; which is why religion helps them get over their fear of death. â€Å"So if all do their duty they need not fear harm† (Blake). As long as they do what they are told they will have no harm in the after-life. This is why Tom is depressed before the dream and after the dream Tom is happy and warm. This story shows how the symbolic order uses this idea of religion to keep the sweepers obedient. The chimney sweepers’ lives are as bad as can be but society gives them empty promises so that they can stay quiet and do their work. These ideas that the Symbolic Order gives help the sweepers get over their fear of death by giving them hope. It also helps them repress how bad their lives are. It takes their mind off of the fact they can try to change their lives. Overall the author is trying to convey that religion is just an idea made up by the Symbolic Order to repress people and keep them in line. Blake, William. The Chimney Sweeper.   Songs of Innocence. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. N. pag. Http://www. online-literature. com. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. online-literature. com/poe/628/.

Buscar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Buscar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples Buscar is a fairly common verb in Spanish that is usually translated as to look for or to search for. The conjugation of buscar is regular in pronunciation but irregular in spelling. This article includes buscar conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Buscar One major difference between the English verbs to look or to search and buscar, is that the Spanish version doesnt need to be followed by a preposition, which is a common mistake made by students learning the language. To avoid this confusion, you can think of buscar as meaning to seek. The conjugation of buscar is irregular in its spelling. Specifically, whenever a conjugated form of buscar would have the c followed by an e if it were regular, the c changes to qu. For example, to say I sought, you would use the form busquà © instead of buscà ©. You will find this spelling change also in the present subjunctive and some imperative conjugations. Common Uses of Buscar These common expressions include the verb buscar: buscar algo: to look for something - Busco mi lpiz (I look for my pencil).buscar algo: to look something up - Busco la respuesta en Internet (I look up the answer on the internet).buscar a alguien: to look for someone - Buscamos a Pedro (We are looking for Peter). Note that you need to include the personal a when looking for a specific person.buscar a alguien: to pick someone up - Voy a buscar a los nià ±os a las dos de la tarde. (Ill pick up the children at 2 p.m.). Here, again, you need the personal a. buscar [infinitivo]: to look to [verb] - Buscà ³ nadar en aguas ms seguras (He looked to swim in safer waters).se busca [sustantivo]: [noun] wanted - Se busca cocinero (Cook wanted).buscrsela: to look for trouble - Ella se la buscà ³ en las calles (She looked for trouble on the streets). The busca root can also be combined with several nouns to form compound nouns: el buscapersonas (sometimes shortened to busca) - pagerel buscapià ©s - firecrackerel/la buscaplata - fortune hunterel/la buscapleitos - troublemakerel/la buscarruidos - troublemaker, rabble-rouserel/la buscatesoros - treasure hunter, treasure seekerel/la buscavidas - ambitious person, busybody Buscar Present Indicative The verb buscar is regular in the present indicative tense. It follows the pattern of other -ar regular verb conjugations. Yo busco I search for Yo busco mis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscas You search for Tà º buscas a Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella busca You/he/she searches for Ella busca la respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscamos We search for Nosotros buscamos informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscis You search for Vosotros buscis trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscan You/they search for Ellos buscan oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Preterite Indicative The preterite tense conjugations of buscar are regular, except for the spelling change that happens with the vowel e in the first person singular (yo). Yo busquà © I searched for Yo busquà ©mis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscaste You searched for Tà º buscaste a Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella buscà ³ You/he/she searched for Ella buscà ³ la respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscamos We searched for Nosotros buscamos informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscasteis You searched for Vosotros buscasteis trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscaron You/they searched for Ellos buscaron oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Imperfect Indicative In the imperfect tense, the verb buscar is conjugated regularly. You start with the stem busc- and add the imperfect ending for -ar verbs (aba, abas, aba, bamos, aban). The imperfect tense can be translated as was searching for or used to search for. Yo buscaba I used to search for Yo buscabamis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscabas You used tosearch for Tà º buscabasa Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella buscaba You/he/she used to search for Ella buscabala respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscbamos We used to search for Nosotros buscbamosinformacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscabais You used to search for Vosotros buscabais trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscaban You/they used to search for Ellos buscaban oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Future Indicative To conjugate the future tense, start with the infinitive (buscar) and add the future tense endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo buscarà © I will search for Yo buscarà ©mis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º buscars Youwillsearch for Tà º buscarsa Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella buscar You/he/shewill search for Ella buscarla respuesta en el libro. Nosotros buscaremos Wewill search for Nosotros buscaremos informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros buscarà ©is Youwill search for Vosotros buscarà ©istrabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscarn You/theywill search for Ellos buscarn oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar PeriphrasticFuture Indicative To conjugate the periphrastic future you need the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive buscar. Yo voy a buscar I am going to search for Yo voy a buscarmis llaves por toda la casa. Tà º vasa buscar You aregoing to search for Tà º vasa buscar a Carlitos en la escuela. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa buscar You/he/shegoing to search for Ella vaa buscarla respuesta en el libro. Nosotros vamosa buscar We aregoing to search for Nosotros vamos a buscar informacià ³n en Internet. Vosotros vaisa buscar You aregoing to search for Vosotros vaisa buscartrabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana buscar You/they aregoing to search for Ellos vana buscar oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Present Progressive/Gerund Form In order to form the gerund or present participle, use the stem of the verb and add the ending -ando (for -ar verbs). The present participle can be used to form progressive tenses such as the present progressive, usually formed with the auxiliary verb estar. Present Progressive ofBuscar est buscando She is searching for Ella est buscando la respuesta en el libro. Buscar Past Participle To form the past participle, start with the stem of the verb busc- and add the ending -ado (for -ar verbs). One of the uses of the past participle is to form perfect tenses like the present perfect, which uses the auxiliary verb haber. Present Perfect of Buscar ha buscado She has searched for Ella ha buscado la respuesta en el libro. Buscar Conditional Indicative The conditional tense can be used to talk about possibilities, and is usually translated to English as would verb. The conditional is formed similarly to the future tense, starting with the infinitive form and adding the corresponding ending. Yo buscarà ­a I would search for Yo buscarà ­amis llaves por toda la casa, pero no tengo paciencia. Tà º buscarà ­as Youwould search for Tà º buscarà ­as a Carlitos en la escuela si saliera temprano. Usted/à ©l/ella buscarà ­a You/he/shewould search for Ella buscarà ­a la respuesta en el libro si fuera necesario. Nosotros buscarà ­amos Wewould search for Nosotros buscarà ­amos informacià ³n en Internet si tuvià ©ramos una computadora. Vosotros buscarà ­ais Youwould search for Vosotros buscarà ­aistrabajo, pero os da pereza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas buscarà ­an You/theywould search for Ellos buscarà ­an oportunidades para mejorar si estuvieran ms motivados. Buscar Present Subjunctive To form the present subjunctive, use the stem of the first person singular present indicative (yo busco) and add the subjunctive endings. For -ar verbs, the endings all contain the vowel e, so you must include the spelling change c to qu. Que yo busque That I search for Es necesario que yo busque mis llaves por toda la casa. Que tà º busques That you search for Mam necesita que tà º busques a Carlitos en la escuela. Que usted/à ©l/ella busque That you/he/she search for La profesora recomienda que ella busquela respuesta en el libro. Que nosotros busquemos That we search for El bibliotecario sugiere que nosotros busquemos informacià ³n en Internet. Que vosotros busquà ©is That you search for Pap pide que vosotros busquà ©is trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas busquen That you/they search for La jefa espera que ellos busquen oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Imperfect Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Although they are both considered correct, usage depends on location, as some countries prefer one option over the other. Option 1 Que yo buscara That I searched for Era necesario que yobuscara mis llaves por toda la casa. Que tà º buscaras That you searched for Mam necesitaba que tà º buscaras a Carlitos en la escuela. Que usted/à ©l/ella buscara That you/he/she searched for La profesora recomendaba que ella buscara la respuesta en el libro. Que nosotros buscramos That we searched for El bibliotecario sugerà ­a que nosotros buscramosinformacià ³n en Internet. Que vosotros buscarais That you searched for Pap pedà ­a que vosotros buscarais trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas buscaran That you/they searched for La jefa esperaba que ellos buscaran oportunidades para mejorar. Option 2 Que yo buscase That I searched for Era necesario que yobuscase mis llaves por toda la casa. Que tà º buscases That you searched for Mam necesitaba que tà º buscases a Carlitos en la escuela. Que usted/à ©l/ella buscase That you/he/she searched for La profesora recomendaba que ella buscase la respuesta en el libro. Que nosotros buscsemos That we searched for El bibliotecario sugerà ­a que nosotros buscsemosinformacià ³n en Internet. Que vosotros buscaseis That you searched for Pap pedà ­a que vosotros buscaseis trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas buscasen That you/they searched for La jefa esperaba que ellos buscasen oportunidades para mejorar. Buscar Imperative In order to give orders or commands, you need the imperative mood. Notice that in the imperative sometimes you will need to make the spelling change c to qu. Positive Commands Tà º busca Search for!  ¡Busca a Carlitos en la escuela! Usted busque Search for!  ¡Busque la respuesta en el libro! Nosotros busquemos Let's search for!  ¡Busquemos informacià ³n en Internet! Vosotros buscad Search for!  ¡Buscad trabajo! Ustedes busquen Search for!  ¡Busquen oportunidades para mejorar! Negative Commands Tà º no busques Don't search for!  ¡No busques a Carlitos en la escuela! Usted no busque Don't search for!  ¡No busque la respuesta en el libro! Nosotros no busquemos Let's not search for!  ¡No busquemos informacià ³n en Internet! Vosotros no busquà ©is Don't search for!  ¡No busquà ©is trabajo! Ustedes no busquen Don't search for!  ¡No busquen oportunidades para mejorar!

Definition and Examples of Foreigner Talk

Definition and Examples of Foreigner Talk The term foreigner talk refers to a simplified version of a language thats sometimes used by native speakers when addressing non-native speakers. Foreigner talk is closer to baby talk than to pidgin, says Eric Reinders. Pidgins, creoles, baby talk, and foreigner talk are quite distinct as spoken but nonetheless tend to be perceived as similar by those adult native speakers who are not fluent in pidgin (Borrowed Gods and Foreign Bodies, 2004).As discussed by Rod Ellis below, two broad types of foreigner talk are commonly recognizedungrammatical and grammatical.The term foreigner talk was coined in 1971 by Stanford University professor Charles A. Ferguson, one of the founders of sociolinguistics. Characteristics of Foreigner Talk We know that in addition to increase in volume, decrease in speed, and a chunky, word-by-word delivery, Foreigner Talk exhibits a number of peculiarities in its lexicon, syntax, and morphology, most of them consisting in attrition and simplification.In the lexicon, we find most noticeably an attrition in terms of the omission of function words such as a, the, to, and. There is also a tendency to use onomatopoetic expressions such as (airplanes) zoom-zoom-zoom, colloquial expressions such as big bucks, and words that sound vaguely international such as kapeesh.In the morphology, we find a tendency to simplify by omitting inflections. As a consequence, where ordinary English distinguishes I vs. me, Foreigner Talk tends to use only me.(Hans Henrich Hock and Brian D. Joseph, Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship. Walter de Gruyter, 1996) Two Types of Foreigner Talk Two types of foreigner talk can be identifiedungrammatical and grammatical. . . .Ungrammatical foreigner talk is socially marked. It often implies a lack of respect on the part of the native speaker and can be resented by learners. Ungrammatical foreigner talk is characterized by the deletion of certain grammatical features such as copula be, modal verbs (for example, can and must) and articles, the use of the base form of the verb in place of the past tense form, and the use of special constructions such as no verb. . . . There is no convincing evidence that learners errors derive from the language they are exposed to.Grammatical foreigner talk is the norm. Various types of modification of baseline talk (i.e. the kind of talk native speakers address to other native speakers) can be identified. First, grammatical foreigner talk is delivered at a slower pace. Second, the input is simplified. . . . Third, grammatical foreigner talk is sometimes regularized. . . . An example . . . is t he use of a full rather than a contracted form (will not forget instead of wont forget). Fourth, foreigner talk sometimes consists of elaborated language use. This involves the lengthening of phrases and sentences in order to make the meaning clearer.(Rod Ellis, Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press, 1997) Foreigner Talk and Pidgin Formation Even if conventionalized foreigner talk is not involved in all cases of pidgin formation, it seems to involve principles of simplification which probably play a role in any interactive situation where the parties have to make themselves understood to each other in the absence of a common language.(Mark Sebba, Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles. Palgrave, 1997) The Lighter Side of Foreigner Talk Manuel:  Ah, your horse. It win! It win!Basil Fawlty:  [wanting him to keep quiet about his gambling venture] Shh, shh, shh, Manuel. You   - know - nothing.Manuel:  You always say, Mr. Fawlty, but I learn.Basil Fawlty:  What?Manuel:  I learn. I learn.Basil Fawlty:  No, no, no, no, no.Manuel:  I get better.Basil Fawlty:  No no. No no, you dont understand.Manuel:  I do.Basil Fawlty:  No, you dont.Manuel:  Hey, I do understand that!(Andrew Sachs and John Cleese   in Communication Problems. Fawlty Towers, 1979)

Beloved by Morrison OR Gilead by Robinson OR Fugitive Pieces by Essay

Beloved by Morrison OR Gilead by Robinson OR Fugitive Pieces by Michaels OR Mornings in Jenin by Abulhawa - Essay Example The story centers upon the fictional character Sethe, who lives in a small â€Å"gray and white house on Bluestone Road† (Morrison 1) with her surviving daughter Denver. As the story opens, it is made clear that Sethe's two sons, Howard and Bugler, both ran away at some point prior to the story opening because they couldn't deal with strange, ghostly activities happening at the house. Baby Suggs, Sethe’s mother-in-law and the woman who taught Sethe how to live again after escaping slavery, also once lived with them but died. Soon after the reader is introduced to these characters, a new character comes in. Paul D was one of the slaves Sethe had worked with on Sweet Home, a Kentucky plantation where she, her husband and several others had been cruelly treated. Upon her escape, an event that happened many years earlier, Sethe murdered her youngest child, a girl, desperately attempting to keep her baby from experiencing the type of degradation and abuse Sethe experienced a t the hands of Schoolteacher when she thought she was about to fall back into slavery. It is this spirit who returns to haunt her family in later years, finally manifesting itself in the bodily form of Beloved. Morrison’s deliberate use of the ambiguous in her statement of the story that â€Å"was not a story to pass on† as well as the ambiguous nature of her narrative style allows her to say a great deal without saying much. This ability of authors to express the incomprehensible is behind Catherine Belsey’s theory of a ‘crisis in subjectivity’ or ‘split subject.’ â€Å"Entry into language inevitably creates a division between the subject of the enunciation and the subject of the enonce, the ‘I’ who speaks and the ‘I’ who is the subject of discourse. The Subject is held in place in the discourse by the use of ‘I,’ but the ‘I’ of this discourse is always a stand in, a substitute, for the ‘I’ who speaks.† Another theory by Julia Kristeva introduces the idea of a â€Å"divided subject, even a pluralized subject, that occupies not a place of enunciation, but permutable, multiple, and mobile places.† Morrison’s approach in Beloved is an experimental narrative approach that allows a variety of reading levels while still telling a difficult story. In this sense, narrative is both a primary technical resource and serves as a theme that illustrates how adjustment to a life free of slavery was perhaps as difficult as conforming to life as a slave. Regardless of how the story is interpreted, although Sethe had escaped to freedom with her children and her life, her husband was missing and fear remained permanently rooted in her heart. The merest thought that she and her children might be taken back into slavery was worse than death so she attempted to kill the children rather than allow them to live the same sort of life she'd experienced a s a slave. Despite the fact that she is free and safe, Sethe cannot escape the haunting memories of her past. The scene of possible recapture takes place just after she has had a chance to understand what it means to be free. She had followed Baby Suggs out to the clearing in the woods where Baby Suggs gave the children permission to run and the mothers permission to hear them laugh and the men permission to dance and

TELEVISION BROADCASTING, HISTORY OF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

TELEVISION BROADCASTING, HISTORY OF - Essay Example The researcher’s main goal is to reveal to the audience the chronological events that saw coming of age of the television and the television news. Vladimir K. Zworykin gave hope to Americans when he first patented the iconoscope television picture tube in 1923. NBC further developed this to broadcast an image and allow television transmission. The great depression and World War II delayed the first newscast, which eventually came in 1939. By this time, only a few television sets existed in New York area, limiting the number of audience reached by the cast. The number of television sets owned by homes increased considerably in 1946 and by 1948, almost one million homes owned television sets. The number of licensed television stations also increased to 108 serving a greater number of public. By 1950, television managed to change the old habits of attending movies, and sporting activities because many preferred the comfort of their home watching television (Landesberg and Pescato re 1024- 1028). Growth in programming played an important role in the television acceptance. For instance, television captured important functions in the other parts of the world, displayed good movies, discussions, and soaps attracting all kinds of audience. Undeniably, growth in technology played an important part in this transition and to the next level of digital technology. The Landesberg and Pescatore, the co-authors of this article have used literature review as a methodology to this article. Numerous literatures exist that explain some aspects of television, television news, and invention of television sets. In choosing to use existing literature, the authors avoid the challenges that go with the traditional qualitative methods. This methodology is appropriate to this research to some extent. First, this method is a cheaper one and thus appropriate in case of less funds. Secondly, the research involves historical events that occurred many years ago when the

Stock Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stock Analysis - Research Paper Example Furthermore, advanced approaches include open transaction values or volume in the analysis (Timo, 2009). This approach supports that a commodity’s present price exhibits all related information regarding the commodity comprehensively. Thus, the price stands for the good’s fair worth, and, as a result, is capable of acting as the foundation for analysis and study. This approach exploits all information contained in the price to exhibit market forecasts of its subsequent fluctuation. The Fundamental Evaluation approach This approach refers to a tactic of analyzing securities and commodities with the purpose of trying to determine their intrinsic worth. In doing this, it heavily depends on the thorough scrutiny of inter-related fiscal, economic, and other various quantitative and qualitative aspects (Timo, 2009). This approach supports comprehensive analysis of all features that possess the potential to influence the final commodity’s worth. These aspects include ma croeconomic effects that include the overall fiscal situation of the market, and company-based aspects that include management systems and the company’s present fiscal standing. The main purpose of embarking on this kind of analysis is to offer a certain value to investors, which they can then rely on when comparing the commodity with market climates, and thus determine the move to make. Numerous investors utilize this method, either alone or in combination with other evaluation equipment when analyzing stocks. In this approach, the chief factor is the final earnings from investments. This directly refers to the net profits that a company is raking in, both currently and in the future. When a venture’s profits decrease, the market worth of its stocks tends... This research paper seeks to analyze the stock price fluctuations of a given venture in the previous sixty months in order to find out its actual stock trend from accumulated data. In addition, it concludes the venture’s market breadth for the last year, its 200-day moving average for its stock, index, and all trends of its stock. This is in pursuit of determining its relative strength for the last sixty months, and thus advise on the right move to make regarding the selling or the buying of its stock. The technical evaluation approach comprises of the prospecting of the future fiscal price fluctuations of a business. This approach bases on a comprehensive study of its previous price motions. The Fundamental Evaluation approach refers to a tactic of analyzing securities and commodities with the purpose of trying to determine their intrinsic worth. In doing this, it heavily depends on the thorough scrutiny of inter-related fiscal, economic, and other various aspects. Market Bre adth describes a technical analysis skill that helps in predicting the future course of the general market. It is summed up, that the company’s relative strength is obviously high and very healthy. In addition, its market breadth has managed an upward improvement for the previous sixty months. Technical evaluation exhibits that the company is healthy and market-relevant. To investors, it would be a good idea to buy more stakes in the company as research has concluded that its stocks will continue to gain overall worth.

Advance directives Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advance directives - Research Paper Example In essence, nurses are considered the primary care givers. Therefore, there are actively involved in the treatment process of patients. It is important to elucidate the fact that the ever changing dynamics of the healthcare profession as well as the expanding roles of nurses in the delivery of care are some of the factors that contribute to the many challenges of maintaining confidentiality. In definition, confidentiality in healthcare denotes the fact that all information given to any medical practitioner by the patient regarding his or her health ought to be treated with utmost discretion (Dolan and Barrister, 2004). Despite the fact that nurses are allowed to only diverge a patients medical information to third parties only with the consent of the patient, there are cases where the law demands release of such information without the his or her consent. Take for instance a patient refusing to take medicine and his or her medical condition poses a risk to the health of other individ uals. In such a case, a medical fractioned is justified to release the patients medical information to the police and other relevant authorities. Information can also be released to third parties if medical practitioners are required or ordered by a court of law to do so (Dolan and Barrister, 2004). Nurses and other care providers such as physicians are obligated by their professional codes of ethics to maintain confidentiality in regard to any information pertaining to their patients. In order to effectively comprehend legal approaches to confidentiality, it is of significance to posit that the kind of care provided to a patient is dependent on the relationship he or she has with the medical practitioner. Patients divulge all their private information to their healthcare providers with an assumption that the information will not fall into the wrong hands. In a legal perspective, it is the responsibility of medical professionals to

Divorce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Divorce - Research Paper Example Psychologists have extensively researched on the effects that divorce has on children and evidence converges at the point that it ultimately leads to the deterioration of their mental health even adulthood. In this paper I will be arguing and justifying why the procedure of divorce is harmful in terms of impact especially on the moral status and ultimate behavior of the children who suffer it. Divorce has a tremendous negative effect not only the children but also the separating parents and ultimately society as it alters the family structure. Children may suffer the inevitable feeling of inadequacy, having to start a new life in a very unstable single parent family, and deprivation that may lead them to resent. Aggression and mood problems may be some of the behavior changes that the affected children develop as they adjust to the new order. A wide body of research has shown that those children who are brought up in stable families with both parents present show stability and good behavior as compared to their counterparts who encounter divorce. Children who have suffered divorce in their lives are prone to delinquency and aggression. This is because these children go through a very intense period of loss and are subjected to tremendous, unexpected and inevitable changes when parents divorce and separate. There is no doubt most of the impacts of divorce are extremely det rimental to our society and as such there is need for deliberate efforts at curbing its growing popularity. The family which is society’s basic building is worst affected by divorce. The relationship between the parent and child will never be same again after a divorce occurs. In fact, following the divorce and ultimate separation of the couple, another form of divorce inevitably occurs which involves the separation of children from their parents.

Ethics in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Ethics in Criminal Justice - Essay Example on the variety of ideas and the effectiveness of its execution depends on dedication and commitment on part of people involved to carry out the decision. â€Å"Ethical decision making will be reserved for use in a group decision making context. Specifically, we will address ethical decision making in business as providing the guiding requirements or goals for right conduct† (Addressing Ethics in Decision Making, 2009). It is the most realistic and accurate expression of the fundamental feeling behind the ethical point of view, that is, benevolence. This principle states that there is room in the structure for conventional ethical rules, but adds that these principles can gain power only from maximizing usefulness during the long term. There is probably no one in the modern period whose visions have influenced moral reflection above those of 18th-century theorist Immanuel Kant. Kant creates his "supreme principle" in numerous different methods, all of which he claims to be equal. Unlike other two ethical principles, virtue ethics does not offer ethics for judging an act right or wrong. It gives attention to building up the character of human beings so that an individual is bound to do the right thing. Character traits such as self-control, courage, justice generosity, gentleness etc are developed through this. Virtue ethics revolves around achievement and promotion of human excellence. Every moral virtue is a means that gives extreme happiness. Sometimes it generates a feeling of doing too much or too little. The absolute mean is diverse from the mean as it is relative to the human being. Ethical decision-making in the organizations helps to change the future for the better. â€Å"Addressing ethics in decision making in business or other large organizations or groups (e.g., government) does point to the need to ensure that key focusing decisions have been made and are in place. In particular, the business decision for core values should be in place to provide the

Divorce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Divorce - Research Paper Example Psychologists have extensively researched on the effects that divorce has on children and evidence converges at the point that it ultimately leads to the deterioration of their mental health even adulthood. In this paper I will be arguing and justifying why the procedure of divorce is harmful in terms of impact especially on the moral status and ultimate behavior of the children who suffer it. Divorce has a tremendous negative effect not only the children but also the separating parents and ultimately society as it alters the family structure. Children may suffer the inevitable feeling of inadequacy, having to start a new life in a very unstable single parent family, and deprivation that may lead them to resent. Aggression and mood problems may be some of the behavior changes that the affected children develop as they adjust to the new order. A wide body of research has shown that those children who are brought up in stable families with both parents present show stability and good behavior as compared to their counterparts who encounter divorce. Children who have suffered divorce in their lives are prone to delinquency and aggression. This is because these children go through a very intense period of loss and are subjected to tremendous, unexpected and inevitable changes when parents divorce and separate. There is no doubt most of the impacts of divorce are extremely det rimental to our society and as such there is need for deliberate efforts at curbing its growing popularity. The family which is society’s basic building is worst affected by divorce. The relationship between the parent and child will never be same again after a divorce occurs. In fact, following the divorce and ultimate separation of the couple, another form of divorce inevitably occurs which involves the separation of children from their parents.

Procurement and Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Procurement and Inventory Management - Essay Example There is also very high cost of stocks which occur as a result of the unskilled staff failing to compare prices from a number of suppliers. There is poor record keeping technique such that it is always hard for the company management employees to retrieve updated data along with more current entire company's level of stock. It is also hard for the auditors to retrieve the same data a thing that will result in improper auditing thus creating room for theft in the company. The resultant effect is failure in closely controlling the company's working capital thus failing to monitor correctly the true business progress. The whole system lacks accountability due to the fact that stock control and purchasing performance are not very well monitored making the staff determine their own precedence thus unbalanced cost considerations a thing that can greatly contribute to the failure of the company. Invoices are settled without a delivery proof or even a certification as to whether the items received are the actual quantities reflected in the invoice. This has seen the company loose cash as a result of buying similar items from a supplier at varying prices. The company has been greatly undermined by the suppliers who feel that Sound Electric Ltd has poor specifications. There is lack competition when it comes to purchasing, requires no confirmation as to the obligations met by the contractors, does not negotiate for price reduction, lacks knowledge on suppliers cost, the company's contracts fails to have conditions attached and lacks important knowledge about the contractor's financial capability. The company has been favouring a single supplier a thing that has led the supplier enjoy monopoly in supply, contracts and money orders fails to have price quotations and lastly the unskilled staff failed in the production of the documents involved in procurement. There is ineffective cost control in each and every project of Sound Electrical limited. This is because the concerned staff member fails in putting together the cost figures for each project of the company. The scattered cost figures of the company will never allow an effective cost control measure to take place thus Sound Electrical limited will end up losing a lot of money as a result. It has resulted into increased workload for the company's property administrator making it impossible for him to carry out his duties effectively. With such increased workload the property administrator will be confused on which contracts should concentrate on and he will end up doing very little as opposed to when the workload is manageable. This has in return interfered with the contracting, tendering and the cost of control, making it almost impossible to handle twenty contracts at a go. There has been considerably increased expenditure on miscellaneous purchases following the fact that some purchases are made by the Manager in charge of the head office post room while others are

Rizals life Essay Example for Free

Rizals life Essay Home, church, and school are the three important pillars that shaped Rizal’s identity as the voice and prophet of the Filipino people and his advocacy that unity equates to prosperity. b. Summary Rizal’s identity was shaped in his home, at school and at the church. These institutions gave long-lasting impression and influence to him. Rizal’s mother helped him to read, write, and express his emotions through poetry. The school at Binan gave Rizal his first formal schooling, shaped his character, and formed his habits. The church, on the other hand, shaped Rizal’s philosophy of life, moral philosophy, question of choice and manner of ethics. All these three institutions are the core to Rizal’s advocacy that unity is the strongest link that binds people together in building a great nation. Rizal is the dominant voice in our history not only because of the things said above but also because he was the first to put his own advice into practice. Because of his preference to choosing the ethical side of life over his personal freedom, he had to face the firing squad at the Luneta. c. Reactions or Comments The article, for me, brings out the nationalist inside of me. It makes me want to do more for my country and for my countrymen. It also made me realize that Rizal’s life was also a tough life for him to go through. My eyes were gradually opened to the fact that Rizal was just like any Filipino child, but I guess his only difference from other Filipino children is that he lived every lessons and insights that he had learned from his parents, from his school, and from their church. He chose the ethical side of life over his freedom. He had given so many advices to his fellow Filipinos because, I think, he believed that his countrymen will be able to live those things. He always gave emphasis on unity in most of his works because he firmly believes that unity is the most important factor in saving people from foreign disturbances and in facing any national problem. A statement of Rizal was cited on the article by the author. The statement goes, â€Å"Law knows no color of skin, nor does reason differentiate between nostrils. † I think what Rizal is trying to say here is that we shouldn’t be ashamed of who we are or what we have or how we look because everything is equal in the eyes of justice. We should fight for our freedom because it is in freedom that the people are led to security and prosperity. Indeed, the content of the article really had an impact on me. The article was nicely done and was easy to understand. Because of this article, I finally realized that Rizal’s works and thoughts are not only for his time but also for ours.

Industrial Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

2. INTRODUCTION During the second half of the 17th century, there were a drastic breakthrough in mainly Great Britain’s, but gradually the rest of the worlds development, that would lead to radical changes in peoples lives, working relations and environment. Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it’s often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of thousands years before â€Å"the agricultural revolution†, thousands of years between this and the Industrial revolution and the two hundreds years after the beginning of Industrial revolution. Before Industrial revolution, man did the most work in society. During 17th century people started to invent machines. Accompanied by changes in agriculture, science and the treatment of people, the Industrial revolution shaped a new kind of life. 2.1 Limitations I, sometimes have difficulties to draw limits. When it comes to such big and wide subject as the Industrial revolution, it is of course very difficult to write and understand it all. It is also difficult to decide what is important enough to bring in the essay and what you should omit. Therefor I decided to write a rather comprehensive job. I haven’t focused on any particular part, but written what, when, how and why the Industrial revolution is /occurred. 2.2 Aims I want this essay to contain as much information as possible of the Industrial revolution or â€Å"Second wave† as it is also called, on the few pages that I will write. 3. REVIEW OF SOURCES I have only written this essay based on written material. I have used a lot of information from the Internet, but also from a very good book called â€Å"The Industrial Revolution in World History† written by a professor called Peter N. Stearns. If I decided to write a part from one book, or from an Internet site, I always compared it with another source, to see the differences and similarities. Dictionaries are often very sweeping in the subject, and there are both good and bad sides about that. I have decided also to write the centuries in Swedish form. So 17th century is in our time scale â€Å"sjuttonhundratalet†. 4. RESULTS 4.1 The beginning A Revolution doesn’t mean only changes and development. It means rapid change... ...ution. The problem of how to move the increasing quantities of factory produced goods to distant places was solved by improvements in transportantions. In contrary to many other countries were the state produces the most communications, England’s railroads, roads, and canals, were often financed by private persons or companies. Also Englands biggest need for better transportations was’t because of military needs, but for commersial needs. 1820-1830 was the years of the most successful railroads. The canals that were built, were pariculary in north England. Farm owners and industry owners made canals from waterdrains. The canals gave excellent transport possibilities, and could often halften the costs 4.5 Industrial revolution in the world The Industrial revolution rapidly affected the whole world Because the Indusrtal revolution first appeared in west , it most often also connected to there. It also both connected and divided different continents and parts of the world. The Industrial revolution formed one of the most central of human history. It brought wirh it bobth advantaged and disadvantages. It’s started and constatly continuing. We still adjust ourselves to it’s effects.

Height and Weight Data on High School Children Essay -- Data Handling

Missing Some Graphs Handling Data Coursework Introduction This is based on fictional data on a school called Mayfield high school. I will be comparing two variables I have chosen to compare the relationship between the height and weight of the pupils in the school. It will be involving the following year groups seven, eight and nine. The data that I have been given to me is a secondary source, which was provided to me by teacher which was from the internet. The data has provided me with each pupils name, age, year group, height, hair and eye color, and the distance from home to school, traveling method, number of brothers and sisters and KS2 results. The aim of this investigation is to find out a relationship between two variables, the two variables which I have chose to investigate are height and weight. Hypotheses To test my first hypothesis i.e. as pupils get older the boys and girls get heavier and taller. I will carry out a stratified sample of 60 boys and girls. The reason why I will do a sample is because it will show the different proportions of people in each year group and gender. Therefore my data will be representative of Mayfield High School. Once I have collected the data I will then organize the heights and weights of the girls and boys in a grouped frequency table. I will then use this table to find the mean, mode, median of the results of the heights and weights of these males and females. I will then construct a cumulative frequency graph to find and locate the median, lower quartile and upper quartile. This will then be used to draw a box plot for the heights and weights of male and females. This data will be used to help me to conclude my first hypothesis. To test hypothesis two i.e. girls in y... ... that overall my hypothesis is correct. This is shown in the graphs of the data showing the boys and girls in year eight, nine and eleven. However in the graphs showing year seven and ten proves that my hypothesis is wrong. Also my last graph shows an overall outlook of the whole population I had sampled and it shows a very positive correlation of the taller you are the heavier you are. To conclude my coursework I have learnt that all of my hypotheses are correct. My first hypothesis was the older you are the heavier you weigh. My second hypothesis was the girls in year seven are taller and heavier then boys in year seven. My last hypothesis is the taller you are the heavier you are. From investigating these I have learnt that the older you are the heavier you are, year seven girls are heavier and taller then boys and the taller you are the heavier you are.

Service Container C#

Service Container Presented by: Anton Cherkasov Service Providers  §Services are the basic building blocks of the . NET design-time architecture. They help to expose access to specific features from external objects.  §Designers and components can obtain other services through the use of service providers. A. NET service provider is represented by the System. IServiceProvider interface. The interface  provides a mechanism for retrieving a specific service object, given the type of object to retrieve.Here is the only member of this interface: object  GetService(Type  serviceType) This method, when overridden, will return an object that represents the specified service type. If the service provider cannot return an object of the specified type, then callers should expect the return value to be null. IServiceContainer Interface  §A service container allows for services to be added and removed to it. Therefore, external objects can have more control over what a service provid er exposes.A service container is actually a service provider. The interface that represents a service container is System. IServiceContainer, which is derived from IServiceProvider, as shown: public interface IServiceContainer : IServiceProvider IServiceContainer Interface Methods  §Here are the two methods of this interface: AddService: This method adds the specified service to the service container. This method has four overloads. void AddService(Type serviceType, object service); oid AddService(Type serviceType, ServiceCreatorCallback callback); void AddService(Type serviceType, object service, bool promote); void AddService(Type serviceType, ServiceCreatorCallback callback, bool promote); RemoveService: This method removes the specified service from the service container. This method has two overloads. void  RemoveService(Type  serviceType); void  RemoveService(Type  serviceType, bool  promote); ServiceContainer Class  §The . NET Framework comes with a class that is already derived from IServiceContainer to be used with the designer framework.This class is: System. ComponentModel. Design. ServiceContainer  §This class has two constructor overloads: the default constructor, and one that takes a parent service provider as a parameter. This class uses a Hashtable to store the available services. It stores both service instances and service callbacks into this table for retrieval. How does it work? Pros  §The combination of services, providers, and service containers form a simple design pattern that gives a lot of advantages. For example: creates weak binding between client components and the services they use; – creates a simple repository and service discovery mechanism that allows easily scale the application (or part thereof). – allows for lazy loading of services, there is a method AddService overload, creating services, when they ask for the first time; – is an alternative to static classes; – supports prog ramming, based on contracts; – applicable to implement the service-factory; – suitable to create an architecture that supports plug-ins. Questions?

Internet Addiction

Internet Addiction The use of the Internet on school campuses and in society has increased dramatically in recent years. Whereas the academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research. However, from time to time, cases of over involvement with the Internet have been observed on different campuses. The internet is not a habit. It’s an indelible feature of modern life. Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M. D. , in 1995. He took pathological gambling as diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- IV) as his model for the description of IAD. It is not however included in the current DSM as of 2009. IAD receives coverage in the press and possible future classification as a psychological disorder continues to be debated and researched. Online Activities which, if done in person, would normally be considered troublesome, such as compulsive gambling or shopping, are sometimes called net compulsions. Others, such as reading or playing computer games, are troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. Supporters of disorder classification often divide IAD into subtypes by activity, such as excessive viewing of pornography, overwhelming and excessive gaming, inappropriate involvement in online social networking sites or blogging, and internet shopping addiction. One counter argument is that compulsive behaviors may not themselves be addictive (http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Internet_addiction_disorder). In some respects, addictive use of the Internet resembles other so-called â€Å"process† addictions, in which a person is addicted to an activity or behavior rather than a substance (mood-altering drugs, tobacco, food, etc). People who develop problems with their Internet use may start off using the Internet on a casual basis and then progress to using the technology in dysfunctional ways. Many people believe that spending large amounts of time on the Internet is a core feature of the disorder. The amount of time by itself, however, is not as important a factor as the ways in which the person’s Internet use is interfering with their daily functioning. Use of the Internet may interfere with the person’s social life, school work, or job-related tasks at work. In addition, cases have been reported of persons entering to be a patient with that disorder in order to get attention or sympathy. Treatment options often mirror those for other addictions. Although only a limited amount of research has been done on this disorder, the treatments that have been used appear to be effective (http://www. inddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-addiction-disorder. html). Dr. Goldberg pointed out two main characteristics of IA: using the Internet leads to constant distress; and damages physical, interpersonal, social status. People believe IA is just like the drug or cigarette addiction, but the psychiatrists believe it’s just like the gaming addiction. About 83 million Americ ans were connected to Internet in August 1999, by the year 2000 the number of those increased by 12 million. As the number of internet users’ increase, the number of internet addicts increases, and problems it causes. It is a disaster, because we only know a very few about the true nature of the internet addiction and treatment methods. According to statistic research every second internet user is an internet addict, they spend their lives at chats, forums, online games and other internet services. They cut their words and sentences to a couple of letters like AFK, BB, and MU, to save the time for internet searching. The majority of internet addicts are teenagers; people that are just have started their life, which need to stay outdoors as long as it is possible to grow up strong, smart and intelligent. But they spent their time sitting in front of the gleaming monitor, talking to virtual friends about the virtual problems of virtual people whom they have never even seen with their own eyes, and probably never will. They recognize the world through Internet information, written by faceless someone for faceless anyone. When they need a book they never go to library, instead they go to Yandex or Google, write the name of the author and the novel they need and here you go, the digital copy of eternal Dostoevsky’s â€Å"Idiot† minimized from a hundreds of pages to a couple of kilobytes. The glimmer of the monitor leads to the visual impairment, anorexia. Coffee, that helps internet users to keep their selves vigil, causes the stomach upset. It’s an irreversible process that changes the whole nature of human psychic and physic. As you can see the internet addiction is an extremely dangerous disease, and it’s very important to know how to recognize it, in order to help and save those you care about (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/index. html). According to Grohol (1999), si ce the aspects of the Internet where people are spending the greatest amount of time online has to do with social interactions, it would appear that socialization is what makes the Internet so â€Å"addicting†. That’s right—plain old hanging out with other people and talking with them. Whether it’s via e-mail, a discussion form, chat, or a game online (such as MUD), people are spending this time exchanging information, support, and chit-chat with other pe ople just like themselves. Would we ever characterize any time spent in the real world with friends as â€Å"addicting†? Of course not, teenagers talk on the phone for hours on end, with other people they see every day! Do we say they are addicted to the telephone? Of course not, people lose hours at a time, immersed in a book, ignoring friends and family, and often not even picking up the phone when it rings. Do we say they are addicted to the book? Of course not, if some clinicians and researchers are now going to start defining addiction as social interactions, then every real-world social relationship we have is an addictive one. Also, in potential explanations for pathological use, Young (1996) initiated telephone surveys to formally study pathological Internet use (PIU) based upon modified criteria of Pathological Gambling defined in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1995). Case studies showed that Dependents classified used the Internet an average of thirty-eight hours per week for non-academic or non-employment related purposes which caused detrimental effects such as poor grade performance among students, discord among couples, and reduce work performance among employees. This is compared to non-addicts in this study who used the Internet an average of eight hours per week with no significant consequences reported. Subsequent research on PIU based upon a self report determination of addiction was conducted utilizing online survey methods. Brenner (1996) received 185 responses in one month to his online survey regarding behavior patterns associated with the Internet. His survey showed that 17% used the Internet more than 40 hours per week, 58% said that others had complained about their excessive net usage, and 46% indicated getting less than 4 hours of sleep per night due to late night log ins. Egger (1996) received 450 responses to his online survey. Self-professed addicts in this study often looked forward their next net session, felt nervous when offline, lied about their online use, easily lost track of time, and felt the Internet caused problems on their jobs, finances, and socially. Steve Thompson (1996) developed the â€Å"McSurvey† which yielded 104 valid responses. Among respondents to his online survey, 72% felt addicted and 33% felt their internet usage had a negative effect on their lives. Surveys conducted on college campuses (Morhan-Martin, 1997; Scherer, 1997) also supported that students suffered significant academic and relationships impairment due to excessive and uncontrolled Internet usage. Formal Computer/Internet addiction treatment centers have been established at such clinical setting as Proctor Hospital in Peoria, Illinois and Harvard affiliate McLean Hospital in response to the serious impairment caused by PIU. The Internet itself is a term which represents different types of functions that are accessible online. Therefore, before discussing addictive nature of the Internet, one must examine the types of applications being used. When dependents were asked â€Å"What applications do you most utilize on the Internet? †, 35% indicated chat rooms, 28% MUDs, 15% News groups, 13% E-mail, 7% WWW, and 2% Information Protocols (e. g. gopher, ftp, etc. ). Upon examination, traditional information protocols and Web pages were the least utilized among Dependents compared to over 90% of respondents who became addicted to the two way communication functions: chat rooms, MUDs, news groups. Or e-mail. This makes the case that the database searches, while interesting and often times time-consuming are not actual reasons Dependents become addicted to the Internet. Chat rooms and MUDs were the two most utilized mediums which both allow multiple online users to simultaneously communicate in real time; similar to having a telephone conversation except in the form of typed messages. Over 1,000 users can occupy a single virtual area. Text scrolls quickly up the screen with answers, questions, or comments to one another. Privatized messages are another available option which allows only a single user to read message sent. Multi-user Dungeons, more commonly known as MUDs, differ from chat rooms as these are an electronic spin off the old Dungeon and Dragons games where players take on character roles. There are literally hundreds of different MUDs ranging in themes from space battles to medieval duels. In order to log into a MUD, a user maidens or buys weapons in a make believe role playing game (http://www. healthyplace. com/addictions/center-for-internet-addiction-recovery/what-makes-the-internet-addictive/menu-id-1105/page-2/). The initial idea behind the internet started in 1961. However, in 1993 the Internet experienced one of its largest growths and today is accessible and used by people everywhere in the world (http://www. teen-beauty-tips. com/internet-addiction. html). 21st century is distinguished with the high rate of business person. High rate of technical progress demands from us quick reaction on external changes of the world, economy and the way of life. Things that are urgent today become totally unnecessary tomorrow, so it takes much time and powers to keep in line. This constant wild race for new information, new welfare, and for being first leaves us no time for normal life, for going out with our friends, visiting the libraries, visiting our relatives, reading books, news papers, watching films, not only news. We have no time for all that, but we still have a desire to get it, so we’re looking for ways to get it with the minimal loss of time and maximal grant of pleasure. Modern science made it possible. Our dreams became true, we can buy books, films, cloth, visit different countries and our relatives, and reach our friend from the far away without leaving our flats, even without leaving our chairs. We have an Internet. With the help of internet we fill the emptiness inside us, we compensate the lack of communication and attention we need. Internet saves us from the loneliness we feel. We spend too much time working hardly so we have no strength for our pleasures. But we always have time and strength for internet, because it’s fun, informative and easy, it relaxes us. Therefore, it’s just a one side of the medal. With the lapse of time it becomes integral part of our life, you keep thinking about persons you met there, and you have no other connection with, and you’re dying to chat with them again. That’s how it starts. You may say its okay to care about someone, about your friends, and there’s nothing terrible they are just words at the contact list if behind them are real people, people you care about. Of course there’s nothing terrible, if it’s just like you say, but just for a minute try to think over, try to remember lust 6 months of your life. First you used internet to communicate with your friends because you were too exhausted to go out and had no time, but now, I bet, you missed a number of opportunities to go out with your friends in a favor of internet communication, don’t you? I also bet that first there were only those you know in real life at your contact list, and now the number of those hardly reaches 20%. Psychiatrists says that those who are not addict use internet only in order to find necessary information and keep in touch with their friends they knew before, but the addicts constantly surfing internet, without any important reason and multiplies the number of virtual friends they’ve never met in the real life, and never will. Thus, internet is very attractive for person as a way of escaping from the reality through the anonymous interactions, which gives an opportunity to express oneself without risk of being ridicule or misunderstood. It’s an opportunity to bring to life some fantasies and desires with a feedback, and, of course, unlimited access to the information, so called informational necrosadism (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/the_origin_of_internet_addiction. html). The term â€Å"addiction† is borrowed from psychologist’s lexicon, to stress that internet attachment is a problem; it’s not just a hobby or the way to spend time and communicate, and it’s a serious disorder of mind and psychic. Internet is very attractive for teenagers as it’s totally anonymous. Teenagers often have an inferiority complex because of their appearance or other criteria’s, and internet gives them an opportunity to find soul mates, someone to share their feelings and pain with. First it helps them not to feel lonely, but in time it turns them to hermit, and they lose their connection with real world, and may even become maniacs. Some scientists distinguish 5 types of Internet Addiction: Pornography Online games Online Gambling Online Shopping Chat rooms/Virtual dating addiction (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/types_of_internet_addiction. html). Over the past few decades, an immense industry for the production and consumption of pornography has grown, with the increasing use of the VCR, the DVD, and the Internet, as well as the emergence of social attitudes more tolerant of sexual portrayals. Performers in pornography are referred to as pornographic actors (or actresses), or the more commonly known title â€Å"porn star† and are generally seen as qualitatively different from their mainstream counterparts. Amateur pornography has become widely popular and generally distributed via the Internet for free (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pornography). The second addiction is online games. Online games is defined as a common cause if computer addiction. It is consist of multi-player games via the internet. This is where the player assumes a character in the game and plays against other people from all around the world. There are many internet games on the market and some of them have millions upon millions of players worldwide. The majority of the players involved enjoy just a casual game after school, work, or at weekends. A minority, however, have become so addicted, and alarmingly so, that they are spending upwards of 12 hours per day playing the game they are addicted to. Reports have come in that some people have been playing around the clock and not eating or sleeping for days and days because they do not want to leave the computer and the character they are pretending to be (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). Moreover, the rising of Flash and Java led to an Internet revolution where websites could utilize streaming video, audio, and a whole new set of user interactivity. When Microsoft began packaging Flash as a pre-installed component of IE, the Internet began to shift from data/information spectrum to also offer on-demand entertainment. This revolution paved by the way for sites to offer games to web surfers. Some online multiplayer games like World of War craft, Final Fantasy XI and Lineage II charge a monthly fee to subscribe to their services, while games such as Guild Wars offer an alternative no monthly fee scheme. Many other sites relied on advertising revenues from on site sponsors, while others, like RuneScape, let people play for free while leaving the players the option of paying, unlocking new content for the members. After the dot-com bubble burst in 2001, many sites solely relying on advertising revenue dollars faced extreme adversity. Despite the decreasing profitability of online gaming websites, some sites have survived the fluctuating and market by offsetting the advertising revenue loss by using the content as a cross-promotion tool for driving web visitors to other websites that the company owns. The term online gaming in many circles is being strictly defined to describe games that do not involve wagering, although many still use the term online gaming synonymously with online gambling (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Online_game). The third one is, online Gambling. These are possibly the most damaging of all computer addictions. These millions of dollar a year businesses make their money by sucking addicts of their money. The thrill of possible winning by gambling is very real and has never been easier since the onset of online casinos and other forms of online gambling. Serious debts have been incurred by these computer addicts. Some have even lost everything, their family, homes, possessions, and even more extreme, their lives. There are organizations that specifically deal with this kind of computer addiction and they have helped many thousands of people to get rid of this damaging addiction and have been able to give advice on helping to pull their lives back together again (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). There are 4 types of Online gambling, these are, online casinos, online sports betting, online bingo and mobile gambling. There are a large number of online casinos, in which people can play casino games such as roulette, blackjack, pachinko, baccarat and many others. These games are played against the â€Å"house†, which makes money due to the fact that the odds are in its favor. Online Sports Betting, bookmakers, spread betting firms and betting exchanges offer a variety of ways to wager over the Internet on the results of sporting events, the most popular being fixed-odds gambling. Online bingo is the game of bingo played on the Internet. Global betting and Gaming consultants estimates the global gross gaming yield of bingo was $0. billion USD in 2006; they forecast it will grow to $1. 0 billion USD by 2010. Unlike balls used in regular bingo halls, online bingo sites use a random number generator. The online bingo play works almost exactly like playing online poker or online casino games with everything being virtual. Most bingo halls also offer links to online poker and casino offerings. One notable feature of online bingo is the chat functionality. Successful online bingo sites foster a sense of community and interaction between players. And lastly, mobile gambling, it refers to gambling done on a remote wirelessly connected device. These devices can include wireless tablet PC’s, mobile phones and other non traditional mid-level networked computing devices. Some online casinos and online poker card rooms offer mobile options. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Online_gambling). The Fourth internet addiction is online shopping, in this kind of addiction comes in the form of many kinds. There is the person who is addicted to buying items from the many online shops. Then there is the person who is addicted to auction type buying. Either one could put a person in debt in a matter of seconds. Just one click the mouse could take money from their credit card and rack up enormous debts. This type of addiction usually starts with small purchases and paying with their credit card. Many small purchases of this kind then add up to many thousands of dollars. The thrill of bidding on an item in an online auction and then overbidding just to win the item (which they may not really want anyway) does cause addiction. Once the item has been bid on and won, a contract has been entered into. A very easy addiction to get into but very hard to get out once the debt has set in (http://ezinearticles. om/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). Furthermore, online shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell on the Internet. Since the emergence of the World Wide Web, merchants have sought to sell their products to people who surf the Internet. Shoppers can visit web stores from the comfort of their homes and shop as they sit in front of the computer. Consumer s buy a variety of items from online stores. In fact, people can purchase just about anything from companies that provide their products online. Books, clothing, household appliances, toys, hardware, software, and health insurance are just some of the hundreds of products consumers can buy from an online store (http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-online-shopping. htm). (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). Also, Virtual Dating Addiction is a disease of outsiders. One can’t find person with the same interests, passions or views in real life, among schoolmates, so he is looking for them at chats, forums, ICQ. On the one hand it’s normal, it helps not to become a self-contain hermit, but on the other hand person lose connection with the real life. He or she has no need in it anymore, one already have a true friends, who cares they’re just a letters and symbols if they are soul-mates, but in a few month we have the same problem – teenager becomes a hermit (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/types_of_internet_addiction. html). One symptom of Internet addiction is excessive time devoted to Internet use. A person might have difficulty cutting down on his or her online time when they are threatened with poor grades or loss of a job. There have been cases reported of college students failing courses because they would not take time off from Internet use to attend classes. Other symptoms of addiction may include lack of sleep, fatigue, declining grades or poor job performance, apathy, and racing thought. There may also be a decreased investment in social relationships and activities. A person may lie about how much time was spent online or deny that they have a problem. They may be irritable when offline, or angry toward anyone who questions their time on the Internet (http://www. minddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-addiction-disorder. html). Skipping meals. When you skip a meal just because you’re enjoying what you are doing in front of the computer, your body reacts with what I like to call â€Å"famine mode†. What I mean by that is that our internal workings tell us that we need food to survive, and if we don’t have it we must find it quickly. Even though we, ourselves, know that we can go at anytime of the day to get nutrients. Human nature hasn’t evolved in such a way that we don’t have primal human instincts and going too long without food makes us eat way too much at the next opportunity. Any food that we do eat, after skipping a meal, will be stored as fats so that in the even of another skipped meal (famine) we will be able to fall back on that stored fat for survival. The problem with this stored fat is that we never reach the point that we can burn it off, so it translates on the scales in excess weight. There are three major consequences of skipping a meal: Poor Performance, Foggy Head and Binging (calorie loading). However, stress is another contributor to people skipping meals. Stress hormones can actually stop the feeling of â€Å"hunger†. This doesn’t mean that your body isn’t starving for nutrients (http://www. inchesweightloss. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=85:skipping-meals-is-never-a-good-idea&catid=12:blog&Itemid=82). Working with computers can sometimes be stressful. And dealing with computer stress is really no different than dealing with any other type of stress in life. The more you understand and focus upon the underlying causes computer stress, the better you will fare in trying to cope with it. There are ten (10) common causes of computer related stress: Failing to Anticipate Problems Trying to Get by on the Cheap Failing to Ask for Help Failing to Relate to Stress as Feedback Trying to Cut Corners Unrealistic Expectations Beating Up On Yourself Unnecessarily Conflicts with Other People Failing to Do Your Homework and Compromising Your Own or Other’s Integrity http://stresscure. com/hrn/common. html). Stress symptoms commonly include a state of alarm and adrenaline production, short-term resistance as a coping mechanism, and exhaustion, as well as irritability, muscular tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physiological reactions such as headache and elevated heart rate (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stress_(biology))) ). Backache is one of the most common ailments prevalent today. Sedentary living habits, hazardous work patterns and psychological conditions associated with emotional stress, which bring about spasm of the muscles, cause backaches. As the back bears the weight of the entire body, overweight persons feel the strain on the back when they have to carry an extra load. In most cases of backache, the pain is usually felt either in the middle of the back or lower down. It may spread to both sides of the waist and the hips. In a condition of acute pain, the patient is unable to move and is bedridden. About 90% of backache patients suffer from what is called cervical and lumbar spondylosis. It is a degenerative disorder in which the different vertebrae adhere to each other through bony unions. As a result of this, the spine loses its flexibility (http://www. ome-remedies-for-you. com/remedy/Backache. html). On the other hand, Internet Dependency is also one of the signs or symptoms of being an internet addict. Internet Dependency is a term for excessive use of the Internet to the detriment of one’s physical, psychological, social, or vocational well- being. The majority of Americans and virtually all college stud ents now use the Internet as a source of information and entertainment on at least an occasional basis. Most use it on a regular basis without becoming dependent upon it. However, for some, involvement on the internet begins to have serious, negative consequences. When such consequences are minimized or ignored while Internet use increases, Internet dependency is occurring. Excessive Internet use may revolve around chat rooms, pornography; database searches; blogging; gambling; gaming; shopping; or any number of other online activities. As of 2005, it is estimated that 6% of users are Internet dependent. Being too dependent on the internet may also lead us to Tolerance, Withdrawal and Compulsive Use of Internet that may harm ourselves (http://www. villanova. edu/studentlife/counselingcenter/infosheets/psych_topics. htm? page=internet_depend. tm). Withdrawal can refer to any sort of separation, but is most commonly used to describe the group of symptoms that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and/or alcohol or not in front of the computer. The individual feels very uncomfortable, obnoxious or irritable if not engaged in the behavior after sometime. Compulsi ve Use or Craving. The individual feels a strong compelling need or urge to engage in the behavior, and thereafter plans for the next opportunity to perform the behavior. About 25% of the people in the world are active Internet users. More than 100 million Facebook users log on at least once per day. Nine blogs are created each minute. As advancements in Internet technology continue to make the world smaller and smaller, new users are plugging into the Net at an unbelievable pace. But what happens when these users are logging too often? Where do you draw the line between harmless and harmful? Many experts today are asking these questions about Internet usage. The internet can be a valuable tool for accessing information, making connections, and maintaining relationships. People all over the world use their cell phones, laptops, and home computers to access the Internet and branch out in all directions on the information superhighway. But for some, one wrong turn changes the Internet from a mode of communication to a medium of compulsion. Of course, this process seems a little extreme for the everyday Internet user. But think about it: have you ever felt that nagging urge to check your email or Facebook on your iPhone right after you checked it on your laptop? Does receiving a new e-mail or stumbling upon a new website put a smile on your face? Sometimes simple daily pleasure like hese can slowly lead to serious compulsive behaviors (http://neuroanthropology. net/2009/05/28/caught-in-the-net-the-internet-compulsion/). Along with all the positive influence of the Internet, there will always be some negative effects on it. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or median neuropathy is a painful progressive condition caused by compression of a key nerve in the wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Symptoms usually start gradually, with pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, radiating up the arm. As symptoms worsen, people might feel tingling during the day, decreased grip strength may make it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manual tasks. In some cases no direct cause of the syndrome can be identified. Most likely the disorder is due to a congenital predisposition – the carpal tunnel is simply smaller in some people than in others. However, the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome especially, common in those performing assembly line work (http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/carpal_tunnel/carpal_tunnel. htm). Dry Eyes Syndrome is a chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture in the eye. Its consequences range from subtle but constant irritation to ocular inflammation of the anterior (front) tissues of the eye. Dry eyes also are described by the medical term, keratitis sicca, which generally means decreased quality or quantity of tears. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca refers to eye dryness affecting the cornea and conjunctiva (http://www. allaboutvision. com/conditions/dryeye. htm). Migraine Headache is a form of vascular headache. Migraine headache is caused by vasodilatation (enlargement of blood vessels) that causes the release of chemicals from nerve fibers that coil around the large arteries of the brain. Enlargement of these blood vessels stretches the nerves that coil around them and causes the nerves to release chemicals. The chemicals cause inflammation, pain, and further enlargement of the artery. The increasing enlargement of the arteries magnifies the pain. Migraine attacks commonly activate the sympathetic nervous system in the body. The sympathetic nervous system is often thought of as the part of the nervous system that controls primitive responses to stress and pain, the so-called â€Å"fight or flight† response, and this activation causes many of the symptoms Internet Addiction Internet Addiction The use of the Internet on school campuses and in society has increased dramatically in recent years. Whereas the academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research. However, from time to time, cases of over involvement with the Internet have been observed on different campuses. The internet is not a habit. It’s an indelible feature of modern life. Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M. D. , in 1995. He took pathological gambling as diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- IV) as his model for the description of IAD. It is not however included in the current DSM as of 2009. IAD receives coverage in the press and possible future classification as a psychological disorder continues to be debated and researched. Online Activities which, if done in person, would normally be considered troublesome, such as compulsive gambling or shopping, are sometimes called net compulsions. Others, such as reading or playing computer games, are troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. Supporters of disorder classification often divide IAD into subtypes by activity, such as excessive viewing of pornography, overwhelming and excessive gaming, inappropriate involvement in online social networking sites or blogging, and internet shopping addiction. One counter argument is that compulsive behaviors may not themselves be addictive (http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Internet_addiction_disorder). In some respects, addictive use of the Internet resembles other so-called â€Å"process† addictions, in which a person is addicted to an activity or behavior rather than a substance (mood-altering drugs, tobacco, food, etc). People who develop problems with their Internet use may start off using the Internet on a casual basis and then progress to using the technology in dysfunctional ways. Many people believe that spending large amounts of time on the Internet is a core feature of the disorder. The amount of time by itself, however, is not as important a factor as the ways in which the person’s Internet use is interfering with their daily functioning. Use of the Internet may interfere with the person’s social life, school work, or job-related tasks at work. In addition, cases have been reported of persons entering to be a patient with that disorder in order to get attention or sympathy. Treatment options often mirror those for other addictions. Although only a limited amount of research has been done on this disorder, the treatments that have been used appear to be effective (http://www. inddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-addiction-disorder. html). Dr. Goldberg pointed out two main characteristics of IA: using the Internet leads to constant distress; and damages physical, interpersonal, social status. People believe IA is just like the drug or cigarette addiction, but the psychiatrists believe it’s just like the gaming addiction. About 83 million Americ ans were connected to Internet in August 1999, by the year 2000 the number of those increased by 12 million. As the number of internet users’ increase, the number of internet addicts increases, and problems it causes. It is a disaster, because we only know a very few about the true nature of the internet addiction and treatment methods. According to statistic research every second internet user is an internet addict, they spend their lives at chats, forums, online games and other internet services. They cut their words and sentences to a couple of letters like AFK, BB, and MU, to save the time for internet searching. The majority of internet addicts are teenagers; people that are just have started their life, which need to stay outdoors as long as it is possible to grow up strong, smart and intelligent. But they spent their time sitting in front of the gleaming monitor, talking to virtual friends about the virtual problems of virtual people whom they have never even seen with their own eyes, and probably never will. They recognize the world through Internet information, written by faceless someone for faceless anyone. When they need a book they never go to library, instead they go to Yandex or Google, write the name of the author and the novel they need and here you go, the digital copy of eternal Dostoevsky’s â€Å"Idiot† minimized from a hundreds of pages to a couple of kilobytes. The glimmer of the monitor leads to the visual impairment, anorexia. Coffee, that helps internet users to keep their selves vigil, causes the stomach upset. It’s an irreversible process that changes the whole nature of human psychic and physic. As you can see the internet addiction is an extremely dangerous disease, and it’s very important to know how to recognize it, in order to help and save those you care about (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/index. html). According to Grohol (1999), si ce the aspects of the Internet where people are spending the greatest amount of time online has to do with social interactions, it would appear that socialization is what makes the Internet so â€Å"addicting†. That’s right—plain old hanging out with other people and talking with them. Whether it’s via e-mail, a discussion form, chat, or a game online (such as MUD), people are spending this time exchanging information, support, and chit-chat with other pe ople just like themselves. Would we ever characterize any time spent in the real world with friends as â€Å"addicting†? Of course not, teenagers talk on the phone for hours on end, with other people they see every day! Do we say they are addicted to the telephone? Of course not, people lose hours at a time, immersed in a book, ignoring friends and family, and often not even picking up the phone when it rings. Do we say they are addicted to the book? Of course not, if some clinicians and researchers are now going to start defining addiction as social interactions, then every real-world social relationship we have is an addictive one. Also, in potential explanations for pathological use, Young (1996) initiated telephone surveys to formally study pathological Internet use (PIU) based upon modified criteria of Pathological Gambling defined in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1995). Case studies showed that Dependents classified used the Internet an average of thirty-eight hours per week for non-academic or non-employment related purposes which caused detrimental effects such as poor grade performance among students, discord among couples, and reduce work performance among employees. This is compared to non-addicts in this study who used the Internet an average of eight hours per week with no significant consequences reported. Subsequent research on PIU based upon a self report determination of addiction was conducted utilizing online survey methods. Brenner (1996) received 185 responses in one month to his online survey regarding behavior patterns associated with the Internet. His survey showed that 17% used the Internet more than 40 hours per week, 58% said that others had complained about their excessive net usage, and 46% indicated getting less than 4 hours of sleep per night due to late night log ins. Egger (1996) received 450 responses to his online survey. Self-professed addicts in this study often looked forward their next net session, felt nervous when offline, lied about their online use, easily lost track of time, and felt the Internet caused problems on their jobs, finances, and socially. Steve Thompson (1996) developed the â€Å"McSurvey† which yielded 104 valid responses. Among respondents to his online survey, 72% felt addicted and 33% felt their internet usage had a negative effect on their lives. Surveys conducted on college campuses (Morhan-Martin, 1997; Scherer, 1997) also supported that students suffered significant academic and relationships impairment due to excessive and uncontrolled Internet usage. Formal Computer/Internet addiction treatment centers have been established at such clinical setting as Proctor Hospital in Peoria, Illinois and Harvard affiliate McLean Hospital in response to the serious impairment caused by PIU. The Internet itself is a term which represents different types of functions that are accessible online. Therefore, before discussing addictive nature of the Internet, one must examine the types of applications being used. When dependents were asked â€Å"What applications do you most utilize on the Internet? †, 35% indicated chat rooms, 28% MUDs, 15% News groups, 13% E-mail, 7% WWW, and 2% Information Protocols (e. g. gopher, ftp, etc. ). Upon examination, traditional information protocols and Web pages were the least utilized among Dependents compared to over 90% of respondents who became addicted to the two way communication functions: chat rooms, MUDs, news groups. Or e-mail. This makes the case that the database searches, while interesting and often times time-consuming are not actual reasons Dependents become addicted to the Internet. Chat rooms and MUDs were the two most utilized mediums which both allow multiple online users to simultaneously communicate in real time; similar to having a telephone conversation except in the form of typed messages. Over 1,000 users can occupy a single virtual area. Text scrolls quickly up the screen with answers, questions, or comments to one another. Privatized messages are another available option which allows only a single user to read message sent. Multi-user Dungeons, more commonly known as MUDs, differ from chat rooms as these are an electronic spin off the old Dungeon and Dragons games where players take on character roles. There are literally hundreds of different MUDs ranging in themes from space battles to medieval duels. In order to log into a MUD, a user maidens or buys weapons in a make believe role playing game (http://www. healthyplace. com/addictions/center-for-internet-addiction-recovery/what-makes-the-internet-addictive/menu-id-1105/page-2/). The initial idea behind the internet started in 1961. However, in 1993 the Internet experienced one of its largest growths and today is accessible and used by people everywhere in the world (http://www. teen-beauty-tips. com/internet-addiction. html). 21st century is distinguished with the high rate of business person. High rate of technical progress demands from us quick reaction on external changes of the world, economy and the way of life. Things that are urgent today become totally unnecessary tomorrow, so it takes much time and powers to keep in line. This constant wild race for new information, new welfare, and for being first leaves us no time for normal life, for going out with our friends, visiting the libraries, visiting our relatives, reading books, news papers, watching films, not only news. We have no time for all that, but we still have a desire to get it, so we’re looking for ways to get it with the minimal loss of time and maximal grant of pleasure. Modern science made it possible. Our dreams became true, we can buy books, films, cloth, visit different countries and our relatives, and reach our friend from the far away without leaving our flats, even without leaving our chairs. We have an Internet. With the help of internet we fill the emptiness inside us, we compensate the lack of communication and attention we need. Internet saves us from the loneliness we feel. We spend too much time working hardly so we have no strength for our pleasures. But we always have time and strength for internet, because it’s fun, informative and easy, it relaxes us. Therefore, it’s just a one side of the medal. With the lapse of time it becomes integral part of our life, you keep thinking about persons you met there, and you have no other connection with, and you’re dying to chat with them again. That’s how it starts. You may say its okay to care about someone, about your friends, and there’s nothing terrible they are just words at the contact list if behind them are real people, people you care about. Of course there’s nothing terrible, if it’s just like you say, but just for a minute try to think over, try to remember lust 6 months of your life. First you used internet to communicate with your friends because you were too exhausted to go out and had no time, but now, I bet, you missed a number of opportunities to go out with your friends in a favor of internet communication, don’t you? I also bet that first there were only those you know in real life at your contact list, and now the number of those hardly reaches 20%. Psychiatrists says that those who are not addict use internet only in order to find necessary information and keep in touch with their friends they knew before, but the addicts constantly surfing internet, without any important reason and multiplies the number of virtual friends they’ve never met in the real life, and never will. Thus, internet is very attractive for person as a way of escaping from the reality through the anonymous interactions, which gives an opportunity to express oneself without risk of being ridicule or misunderstood. It’s an opportunity to bring to life some fantasies and desires with a feedback, and, of course, unlimited access to the information, so called informational necrosadism (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/the_origin_of_internet_addiction. html). The term â€Å"addiction† is borrowed from psychologist’s lexicon, to stress that internet attachment is a problem; it’s not just a hobby or the way to spend time and communicate, and it’s a serious disorder of mind and psychic. Internet is very attractive for teenagers as it’s totally anonymous. Teenagers often have an inferiority complex because of their appearance or other criteria’s, and internet gives them an opportunity to find soul mates, someone to share their feelings and pain with. First it helps them not to feel lonely, but in time it turns them to hermit, and they lose their connection with real world, and may even become maniacs. Some scientists distinguish 5 types of Internet Addiction: Pornography Online games Online Gambling Online Shopping Chat rooms/Virtual dating addiction (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/types_of_internet_addiction. html). Over the past few decades, an immense industry for the production and consumption of pornography has grown, with the increasing use of the VCR, the DVD, and the Internet, as well as the emergence of social attitudes more tolerant of sexual portrayals. Performers in pornography are referred to as pornographic actors (or actresses), or the more commonly known title â€Å"porn star† and are generally seen as qualitatively different from their mainstream counterparts. Amateur pornography has become widely popular and generally distributed via the Internet for free (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pornography). The second addiction is online games. Online games is defined as a common cause if computer addiction. It is consist of multi-player games via the internet. This is where the player assumes a character in the game and plays against other people from all around the world. There are many internet games on the market and some of them have millions upon millions of players worldwide. The majority of the players involved enjoy just a casual game after school, work, or at weekends. A minority, however, have become so addicted, and alarmingly so, that they are spending upwards of 12 hours per day playing the game they are addicted to. Reports have come in that some people have been playing around the clock and not eating or sleeping for days and days because they do not want to leave the computer and the character they are pretending to be (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). Moreover, the rising of Flash and Java led to an Internet revolution where websites could utilize streaming video, audio, and a whole new set of user interactivity. When Microsoft began packaging Flash as a pre-installed component of IE, the Internet began to shift from data/information spectrum to also offer on-demand entertainment. This revolution paved by the way for sites to offer games to web surfers. Some online multiplayer games like World of War craft, Final Fantasy XI and Lineage II charge a monthly fee to subscribe to their services, while games such as Guild Wars offer an alternative no monthly fee scheme. Many other sites relied on advertising revenues from on site sponsors, while others, like RuneScape, let people play for free while leaving the players the option of paying, unlocking new content for the members. After the dot-com bubble burst in 2001, many sites solely relying on advertising revenue dollars faced extreme adversity. Despite the decreasing profitability of online gaming websites, some sites have survived the fluctuating and market by offsetting the advertising revenue loss by using the content as a cross-promotion tool for driving web visitors to other websites that the company owns. The term online gaming in many circles is being strictly defined to describe games that do not involve wagering, although many still use the term online gaming synonymously with online gambling (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Online_game). The third one is, online Gambling. These are possibly the most damaging of all computer addictions. These millions of dollar a year businesses make their money by sucking addicts of their money. The thrill of possible winning by gambling is very real and has never been easier since the onset of online casinos and other forms of online gambling. Serious debts have been incurred by these computer addicts. Some have even lost everything, their family, homes, possessions, and even more extreme, their lives. There are organizations that specifically deal with this kind of computer addiction and they have helped many thousands of people to get rid of this damaging addiction and have been able to give advice on helping to pull their lives back together again (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). There are 4 types of Online gambling, these are, online casinos, online sports betting, online bingo and mobile gambling. There are a large number of online casinos, in which people can play casino games such as roulette, blackjack, pachinko, baccarat and many others. These games are played against the â€Å"house†, which makes money due to the fact that the odds are in its favor. Online Sports Betting, bookmakers, spread betting firms and betting exchanges offer a variety of ways to wager over the Internet on the results of sporting events, the most popular being fixed-odds gambling. Online bingo is the game of bingo played on the Internet. Global betting and Gaming consultants estimates the global gross gaming yield of bingo was $0. billion USD in 2006; they forecast it will grow to $1. 0 billion USD by 2010. Unlike balls used in regular bingo halls, online bingo sites use a random number generator. The online bingo play works almost exactly like playing online poker or online casino games with everything being virtual. Most bingo halls also offer links to online poker and casino offerings. One notable feature of online bingo is the chat functionality. Successful online bingo sites foster a sense of community and interaction between players. And lastly, mobile gambling, it refers to gambling done on a remote wirelessly connected device. These devices can include wireless tablet PC’s, mobile phones and other non traditional mid-level networked computing devices. Some online casinos and online poker card rooms offer mobile options. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Online_gambling). The Fourth internet addiction is online shopping, in this kind of addiction comes in the form of many kinds. There is the person who is addicted to buying items from the many online shops. Then there is the person who is addicted to auction type buying. Either one could put a person in debt in a matter of seconds. Just one click the mouse could take money from their credit card and rack up enormous debts. This type of addiction usually starts with small purchases and paying with their credit card. Many small purchases of this kind then add up to many thousands of dollars. The thrill of bidding on an item in an online auction and then overbidding just to win the item (which they may not really want anyway) does cause addiction. Once the item has been bid on and won, a contract has been entered into. A very easy addiction to get into but very hard to get out once the debt has set in (http://ezinearticles. om/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). Furthermore, online shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell on the Internet. Since the emergence of the World Wide Web, merchants have sought to sell their products to people who surf the Internet. Shoppers can visit web stores from the comfort of their homes and shop as they sit in front of the computer. Consumer s buy a variety of items from online stores. In fact, people can purchase just about anything from companies that provide their products online. Books, clothing, household appliances, toys, hardware, software, and health insurance are just some of the hundreds of products consumers can buy from an online store (http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-online-shopping. htm). (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addiction&id=551846). Also, Virtual Dating Addiction is a disease of outsiders. One can’t find person with the same interests, passions or views in real life, among schoolmates, so he is looking for them at chats, forums, ICQ. On the one hand it’s normal, it helps not to become a self-contain hermit, but on the other hand person lose connection with the real life. He or she has no need in it anymore, one already have a true friends, who cares they’re just a letters and symbols if they are soul-mates, but in a few month we have the same problem – teenager becomes a hermit (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/types_of_internet_addiction. html). One symptom of Internet addiction is excessive time devoted to Internet use. A person might have difficulty cutting down on his or her online time when they are threatened with poor grades or loss of a job. There have been cases reported of college students failing courses because they would not take time off from Internet use to attend classes. Other symptoms of addiction may include lack of sleep, fatigue, declining grades or poor job performance, apathy, and racing thought. There may also be a decreased investment in social relationships and activities. A person may lie about how much time was spent online or deny that they have a problem. They may be irritable when offline, or angry toward anyone who questions their time on the Internet (http://www. minddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-addiction-disorder. html). Skipping meals. When you skip a meal just because you’re enjoying what you are doing in front of the computer, your body reacts with what I like to call â€Å"famine mode†. What I mean by that is that our internal workings tell us that we need food to survive, and if we don’t have it we must find it quickly. Even though we, ourselves, know that we can go at anytime of the day to get nutrients. Human nature hasn’t evolved in such a way that we don’t have primal human instincts and going too long without food makes us eat way too much at the next opportunity. Any food that we do eat, after skipping a meal, will be stored as fats so that in the even of another skipped meal (famine) we will be able to fall back on that stored fat for survival. The problem with this stored fat is that we never reach the point that we can burn it off, so it translates on the scales in excess weight. There are three major consequences of skipping a meal: Poor Performance, Foggy Head and Binging (calorie loading). However, stress is another contributor to people skipping meals. Stress hormones can actually stop the feeling of â€Å"hunger†. This doesn’t mean that your body isn’t starving for nutrients (http://www. inchesweightloss. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=85:skipping-meals-is-never-a-good-idea&catid=12:blog&Itemid=82). Working with computers can sometimes be stressful. And dealing with computer stress is really no different than dealing with any other type of stress in life. The more you understand and focus upon the underlying causes computer stress, the better you will fare in trying to cope with it. There are ten (10) common causes of computer related stress: Failing to Anticipate Problems Trying to Get by on the Cheap Failing to Ask for Help Failing to Relate to Stress as Feedback Trying to Cut Corners Unrealistic Expectations Beating Up On Yourself Unnecessarily Conflicts with Other People Failing to Do Your Homework and Compromising Your Own or Other’s Integrity http://stresscure. com/hrn/common. html). Stress symptoms commonly include a state of alarm and adrenaline production, short-term resistance as a coping mechanism, and exhaustion, as well as irritability, muscular tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physiological reactions such as headache and elevated heart rate (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stress_(biology))) ). Backache is one of the most common ailments prevalent today. Sedentary living habits, hazardous work patterns and psychological conditions associated with emotional stress, which bring about spasm of the muscles, cause backaches. As the back bears the weight of the entire body, overweight persons feel the strain on the back when they have to carry an extra load. In most cases of backache, the pain is usually felt either in the middle of the back or lower down. It may spread to both sides of the waist and the hips. In a condition of acute pain, the patient is unable to move and is bedridden. About 90% of backache patients suffer from what is called cervical and lumbar spondylosis. It is a degenerative disorder in which the different vertebrae adhere to each other through bony unions. As a result of this, the spine loses its flexibility (http://www. ome-remedies-for-you. com/remedy/Backache. html). On the other hand, Internet Dependency is also one of the signs or symptoms of being an internet addict. Internet Dependency is a term for excessive use of the Internet to the detriment of one’s physical, psychological, social, or vocational well- being. The majority of Americans and virtually all college stud ents now use the Internet as a source of information and entertainment on at least an occasional basis. Most use it on a regular basis without becoming dependent upon it. However, for some, involvement on the internet begins to have serious, negative consequences. When such consequences are minimized or ignored while Internet use increases, Internet dependency is occurring. Excessive Internet use may revolve around chat rooms, pornography; database searches; blogging; gambling; gaming; shopping; or any number of other online activities. As of 2005, it is estimated that 6% of users are Internet dependent. Being too dependent on the internet may also lead us to Tolerance, Withdrawal and Compulsive Use of Internet that may harm ourselves (http://www. villanova. edu/studentlife/counselingcenter/infosheets/psych_topics. htm? page=internet_depend. tm). Withdrawal can refer to any sort of separation, but is most commonly used to describe the group of symptoms that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and/or alcohol or not in front of the computer. The individual feels very uncomfortable, obnoxious or irritable if not engaged in the behavior after sometime. Compulsi ve Use or Craving. The individual feels a strong compelling need or urge to engage in the behavior, and thereafter plans for the next opportunity to perform the behavior. About 25% of the people in the world are active Internet users. More than 100 million Facebook users log on at least once per day. Nine blogs are created each minute. As advancements in Internet technology continue to make the world smaller and smaller, new users are plugging into the Net at an unbelievable pace. But what happens when these users are logging too often? Where do you draw the line between harmless and harmful? Many experts today are asking these questions about Internet usage. The internet can be a valuable tool for accessing information, making connections, and maintaining relationships. People all over the world use their cell phones, laptops, and home computers to access the Internet and branch out in all directions on the information superhighway. But for some, one wrong turn changes the Internet from a mode of communication to a medium of compulsion. Of course, this process seems a little extreme for the everyday Internet user. But think about it: have you ever felt that nagging urge to check your email or Facebook on your iPhone right after you checked it on your laptop? Does receiving a new e-mail or stumbling upon a new website put a smile on your face? Sometimes simple daily pleasure like hese can slowly lead to serious compulsive behaviors (http://neuroanthropology. net/2009/05/28/caught-in-the-net-the-internet-compulsion/). Along with all the positive influence of the Internet, there will always be some negative effects on it. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or median neuropathy is a painful progressive condition caused by compression of a key nerve in the wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Symptoms usually start gradually, with pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, radiating up the arm. As symptoms worsen, people might feel tingling during the day, decreased grip strength may make it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manual tasks. In some cases no direct cause of the syndrome can be identified. Most likely the disorder is due to a congenital predisposition – the carpal tunnel is simply smaller in some people than in others. However, the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome especially, common in those performing assembly line work (http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/carpal_tunnel/carpal_tunnel. htm). Dry Eyes Syndrome is a chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture in the eye. Its consequences range from subtle but constant irritation to ocular inflammation of the anterior (front) tissues of the eye. Dry eyes also are described by the medical term, keratitis sicca, which generally means decreased quality or quantity of tears. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca refers to eye dryness affecting the cornea and conjunctiva (http://www. allaboutvision. com/conditions/dryeye. htm). Migraine Headache is a form of vascular headache. Migraine headache is caused by vasodilatation (enlargement of blood vessels) that causes the release of chemicals from nerve fibers that coil around the large arteries of the brain. Enlargement of these blood vessels stretches the nerves that coil around them and causes the nerves to release chemicals. The chemicals cause inflammation, pain, and further enlargement of the artery. The increasing enlargement of the arteries magnifies the pain. Migraine attacks commonly activate the sympathetic nervous system in the body. The sympathetic nervous system is often thought of as the part of the nervous system that controls primitive responses to stress and pain, the so-called â€Å"fight or flight† response, and this activation causes many of the symptoms